“…[11][12][13] Meanwhile, the traditional thermal synthesis procedures suffer from toxic chemicals, high-temperature, high-pressure, and/or long reaction time. [14][15][16] For the conventional thermal techniques using the reaction vessel as an intermediary, good conduction of blackbody radiation is required for heat transfer from the heating mantle to the solution in order to drive the reaction. This kind of heating will cause sharp thermal gradients in the bulk solution, resulting in nonuniform and inefficient reaction conditions, which will further hinder the uniform nucleation and growth of materials.…”