Thermal evolution and maturation of lower Paleozoic source rocks in the Tarim Basin, northwest China

Qiu, Nansheng; Chang, Jian; Zuo, Yinhui; Wang, Jing; Li, Huili

doi:10.1306/09071111029

Cited by 105 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The Tarim Basin, located in the southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Western China, is the largest basin in China, with an total area of 560,000 km 2 (Zhang & Huang, 2005;Qiu et al, 2012;Gao & Fan, 2014). It is bounded by the Tian Shan to the north, the Kulugetake Shan to the northeast, the Kunlun Shan to the southwest and the Altun Shan to the southeast ( Fig.…”

Section: Geological Setting 21 Basin Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is bounded by the Tian Shan to the north, the Kulugetake Shan to the northeast, the Kunlun Shan to the southwest and the Altun Shan to the southeast ( Fig. 1; Qiu et al, 2012). It is divided into several tectonic zones, including the Kuqa depression, the Northern depression, the Southwest depression, the Southeastern depression, the Northern uplift, the Central uplift, and the Southern uplift ( Fig.…”

Section: Geological Setting 21 Basin Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is divided into several tectonic zones, including the Kuqa depression, the Northern depression, the Southwest depression, the Southeastern depression, the Northern uplift, the Central uplift, and the Southern uplift ( Fig. 1b; Qiu et al, 2012).…”

Section: Geological Setting 21 Basin Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depositional and Diagenetic Controls on Pore Structure of Tight Gas Sandstone Reservoirs: Evidence from Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Kelasu Thrust Belts, Kuqa Depression in Tarim Basin of West China

et al. 2015

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Deeply buried Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike sandstones are important gas exploration targets in the Kelasu thrust belt, Kuqa Depression of Tarim Basin in China. The sandstones are characterized by low porosity, low permeability and strong microscopic heterogeneity due to diagenesis during their geologic history. Mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemical analyses combined with high-pressure mercury injection analysis have been used to investigate the diagenesis, diagenetic minerals, and their impact on reservoir quality. This article addresses the controls exerted by depositional parameters and diagenetic modifications on pore-network characteristics (porosity, pore types, sizes, shapes, and distribution), with the aim to unravel the formation mechanisms of this complex pore structures, and to improve the characterization and classification evaluation for the Bashijiqike sandstone reservoirs. The Bashijiqike sandstones are dominated by lithic arkoses and feldspathic litharenite. The pore system consists of intergranular macropores, intergranular micropores, and intragranular pores. Framework grains are generally heavily compacted. Authigenic quartz, authigenic feldspar, clay minerals and carbonates are the major pore-filling constituents. The pore structure is characterized by small pore radius and poor interconnectivity. Entry pressure reflects the microscopic pore network and macroscopic reservoir property characteristics. Pore structure characteristics are linked to the depositional parameters, type and degree of diagenesis. Clays do not control reservoir pore networks alone, and pores and pore throats are wider in coarser grained sandstones. Entry pressure decreases with the content of the rigid quartz. Compaction and cementation continue to decrease the pore-throat size, while dissolution enlarges pores and pore-throats radius. Considerable amounts of microporosity associated with clay minerals and altered grains contribute to the high entry pressure. Comprehensive Coefficient of Diagenesis (CCD), which considers the integrative effect of diagenesis, shows strong statistical correlations with entry pressure. CCD is an integrative modulus of diagenesis and physical property, and generally the higher the values are, the better the pore structure. It is suitable for quantitatively characterizing pore structure in tight gas sandstones. The results of this work can help assess pore-network characteristics like the Bashijiqike sandstones which had experienced strong diagenetic modifications during their geological history.

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Section: Geological Setting 21 Basin Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Setting 21 Basin Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depositional and Diagenetic Controls on Pore Structure of Tight Gas Sandstone Reservoirs: Evidence from Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Kelasu Thrust Belts, Kuqa Depression in Tarim Basin of West China

et al. 2015

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“…2) (Jia et al 1995a). Owing to multiphase tectonic movements and associated subsidence and erosion, several unconformities have developed during its geological history, among which six important regional unconformities associated tectonic movements are recognized as follows (Jia et al 1995a;Qiu et al 2012) (Fig. 2): the Tarim movement, Late Caledonian movement, Early Hercynian movement, Late Hercynian movement, Indosinian movement and Late Yanshan movement.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of subsurface formation temperature in the Tarim Basin, northwest China: implications for hydrocarbon generation and preservation

Liu

Xiao

Feng

et al. 2015

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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to identify the oil window in the source rocks, most of the uplifted areas in the basin are under favorable condition for oil generation and/or preservation, whereas the sags with thick sediments are favorable for gas generation and/ or preservation. We conclude that relatively low presentday geothermal regime and large burial depth of the source rocks in the Tarim Basin are favorable for hydrocarbon generation and preservation. In addition, it is found that the oil and gas fields discovered in the Tarim Basin are usually associated with relatively high-temperature anomalies, and the upward migration and accumulation of hot geofluids along faults as conduit from below could explain this coincidence. Accordingly, this thermal anomaly could be indicative of hydrocarbon exploration targets in the basin.

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“…The thermal evolution extent of the hydrocarbon source rocks is highly mature to over-mature in the thirteen giant oil and gas fields, except for the LimaIndiana Trend, which has a relatively low thermal evolution extent. The type of hydrocarbon is mainly natural gas, which is mostly sourced from oil cracking (Terken and Frewin 2000;Terken et al 2001;Dakhnova et al 2011;Jin 2012;Qiu et al 2012;Zhou 2013).…”

Section: Source Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and distribution characteristics of Proterozoic–Lower Paleozoic marine giant oil and gas fields worldwide

et al. 2017

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There are rich oil and gas resources in marine carbonate strata worldwide. Although most of the oil and gas reserves discovered so far are mainly distributed in Mesozoic, Cenozoic, and upper Paleozoic strata, oil and gas exploration in the Proterozoic-Lower Paleozoic (PLP) strata-the oldest marine strata-has been very limited. To more clearly understand the oil and gas formation conditions and distributions in the PLP marine carbonate strata, we analyzed and characterized the petroleum geological conditions, oil and gas reservoir types, and their distributions in thirteen giant oil and gas fields worldwide. This study reveals the main factors controlling their formation and distribution. Our analyses show that the source rocks for these giant oil and gas fields are mainly shale with a great abundance of type I-II organic matter and a high thermal evolution extent. The reservoirs are mainly gas reservoirs, and the reservoir rocks are dominated by dolomite. The reservoir types are mainly karst and reef-shoal bodies with well-developed dissolved pores and cavities, intercrystalline pores, and fractures. These reservoirs are highly heterogeneous. The burial depth of the reservoirs is highly variable and somewhat negatively correlated to the porosity. The cap rocks are mainly thick evaporites and shales, with the thickness of the cap rocks positively correlated to the oil and gas reserves. The development of high-quality evaporite cap rock is highly favorable for oil and gas preservation. We identified four hydrocarbon generation models, and that the major source rocks have undergone a long period of burial and thermal evolution and are characterized by early and long periods of hydrocarbon generation. These giant oil and gas fields have diverse types of reservoirs and are mainly distributed in paleo-uplifts, slope zones, and platform margin reef-shoal bodies. The main factors that control their formation and distribution were identified, enabling the prediction of new favorable areas for oil and gas exploration.

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Thermal evolution and maturation of lower Paleozoic source rocks in the Tarim Basin, northwest China

Cited by 105 publications

References 45 publications

Depositional and Diagenetic Controls on Pore Structure of Tight Gas Sandstone Reservoirs: Evidence from Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Kelasu Thrust Belts, Kuqa Depression in Tarim Basin of West China

Depositional and Diagenetic Controls on Pore Structure of Tight Gas Sandstone Reservoirs: Evidence from Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Kelasu Thrust Belts, Kuqa Depression in Tarim Basin of West China

Estimation of subsurface formation temperature in the Tarim Basin, northwest China: implications for hydrocarbon generation and preservation

Formation and distribution characteristics of Proterozoic–Lower Paleozoic marine giant oil and gas fields worldwide

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