Thermal Emission Spectroscopy of Single, Isolated Carbon Nanoparticles: Effects of Particle Size, Material, Charge, Excitation Wavelength, and Thermal History

Abstract

Results are presented for thermal emission from individual trapped carbon nanoparticles (NPs) in the temperature range from ~1000 to ~2100 K. We explore the effects on the magnitude and wavelength dependence of the emissivity, ϵ(λ), of the NP size and charge, and of the type of carbon material, including graphite, graphene, diamond, carbon black, and carbon dots. In addition, it is found that heating the NPs, particularly to temperatures above ~1900 K, results in significant changes in the emission properties, attributed to changes in the distribution of surface and defect sites caused by annealing and sublimation.

High Temperature Oxidation of Single Carbon Nanoparticles: Dependence on Surface Structure, and Probing Real-Time Structural Evolution via Kinetics.

“…The evolution is also shown by the increase in INP during the higher TNP steps in the 1 st ramp. Irreversible emission brightening caused by NP heating was also observed for graphitic NPs, [4][5]24 and those studies also noted the apparent correlation between emission brightening and decreasing rates of sublimation and oxidation, which was interpreted as suggesting a inverse correlation between brightness and numbers of under-coordinated surface sites.…”

“…S1). [23][24] Monitoring M vs. time for an NP held in argon buffer gas (2 mTorr) allows the baseline mass loss rate (Rbase) to be measured. For TNP ≥ 1600 K, Rbase is dominated by sublimation (Rsublimation), but at lower TNP there can be noticeable mass loss from reactions with background gasses (e.g.…”

Laser-induced incandescence for non-soot nanoparticles: recent trends and current challenges

“…Figure 15 shows an overview of several carbon allotropes. LII has mostly been used to study the more-graphitic allotropes, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), few-layer graphene (FLG) [ 41 ], most carbon blacks (which often also contain substantial amorphous domains), carbon nanodots [ 163 ], and carbon onions [ 164 ]. Carbon blacks are sufficiently similar to soot to be excluded from this review but were featured in the earliest LII study [ 111 ], where the authors aerosolized particles from a powder rather than observing a combustion process.…”

“…This data was compared with measurements on soot particles generated using different precursors. Long et al [ 163 ] carried out LII on individual carbonaceous particles (boron-doped nanodiamonds, featuring sp 3 hybridization; carbon dots; and graphene platelets) trapped using a single nanoparticle mass spectrometer. The nanoparticles were heated with 532 or 1064 nm pulses.…”

“…Nevertheless, the emission spectrum may be affected by laser-induced changes in atomic structure, e.g., graphitization. For example, Long et al [ 163 ] showed that the emission spectra from graphite evolves differently with laser heating compared to boron-doped nanodiamond with increasing laser fluences.…”