Thermal effects on swimming activity and habitat choice in juvenile Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)

Ottmar, Michele L.; Hurst, Thomas P.

doi:10.1007/s00227-012-2004-8

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Phenotypic plasticity of fish swimming has been examined in response to varying environmental pressures [e.g., temperature, habitat, DO, and carbon dioxide ( Claireaux et al 2007 ; Munday et al 2012 ; Fu et al 2014 )], exposure to the environmental variation at different life stages of the fish [embryo, juvenile, and adult ( Georgakopoulou et al 2007 ; Johansen and Jones 2011 ; Scott and Johnston 2012 )], and the plastic responses of different levels of biological organization [behavior to biochemical ( Dhillon and Schulte 2011 ; Ottmar and Hurst 2012 )]. The methods, experimental design, study species, and results of phenotypic plasticity of fish swimming have all varied greatly.…”

Section: Phenotypic Plasticity Of Fish Swimmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in fish swimming

Oufiero

Whitlow

2016

Curr Zool

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Fish have a remarkable amount of variation in their swimming performance, from within species differences to diversity among major taxonomic groups. Fish swimming is a complex, integrative phenotype and has the ability to plastically respond to a myriad of environmental changes. The plasticity of fish swimming has been observed on whole-organismal traits such as burst speed or critical swimming speed, as well as underlying phenotypes such as muscle fiber types, kinematics, cardiovascular system, and neuronal processes. Whether the plastic responses of fish swimming are beneficial seems to depend on the environmental variable that is changing. For example, because of the effects of temperature on biochemical processes, alterations of fish swimming in response to temperature do not seem to be beneficial. In contrast, changes in fish swimming in response to variation in flow may benefit the fish to maintain position in the water column. In this paper, we examine how this plasticity in fish swimming might evolve, focusing on environmental variables that have received the most attention: temperature, habitat, dissolved oxygen, and carbon dioxide variation. Using examples from previous research, we highlight many of the ways fish swimming can plastically respond to environmental variation and discuss potential avenues of future research aimed at understanding how plasticity of fish swimming might evolve. We consider the direct and indirect effects of environmental variation on swimming performance, including changes in swimming kinematics and suborganismal traits thought to predict swimming performance. We also discuss the role of the evolution of plasticity in shaping macroevolutionary patterns of diversity in fish swimming.

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Section: Phenotypic Plasticity Of Fish Swimmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in fish swimming

Oufiero

Whitlow

2016

Curr Zool

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“…Studies of the Pacific cod have been conducted on their morphology, organismal biology, and molecular biology. [3][4][5][6] However, there is still relatively little information available regarding the environmental requirements of Pacific cod larvae. [7][8][9][10] Since the density of larvae may be very high in rearing systems, water quality must be considered in the optimization of rearing conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to different ages of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) larvae

Wang

et al. 2015

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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This study was conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to three developmental stages of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) larvae (11, 22, and 35 days after hatching, with mean total lengths of 4.63 ± 0.14, 5.83 ± 0.17, and 7.46 ± 0.23 mm, respectively). The results showed for the first time that the acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite is closely related to the age of Pacific cod larvae, and the acute toxicity of ammonia or nitrite increased with increased Pacific cod larval growth. Lethal concentrations (LC 50 ) of un-ionized ammonia nitrogen (UIAN) for a 48-h exposure in 11-day post-hatch, 22-day post-hatch, and 35-day posthatch Pacific cod larvae were 1.72, 0.69, and 0.32 mg L , respectively. The present findings demonstrate that the acute toxicity of ammonia for Pacific cod larvae is much higher than that of nitrite.

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Macrophyte complexity influences habitat choices of juvenile fish

Hinz,

Anglada,

Gayá Vilar

et al. 2023

Mar Biol

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The nursery function of littoral habitats for juvenile fish is widely recognized, but data on the specific habitat features that contribute to this function is sparse for many species, in part related to the difficulty of studying juvenile fish in their natural environment. However, this information is required to understand the potential risks of environmental change to the nursery functions of habitats. In this context, the habitat choice behaviour, with respect to differences in structural features, was evaluated for three Mediterranean littoral fish species known to be associated to macrophytes as juveniles. The overarching aim of this experiment was to determine if juveniles actively choose between different macrophyte configurations of varying complexity and height. Juveniles were exposed simultaneously to multiple visual habitat stimuli within an experimental choice arena, and their swimming behaviour was tracked by video recordings to determine the amount of time they spent near each habitat configuration. All three species showed a clear association in their occupancy towards more complex habitat configurations demonstrating that juveniles distinguished and actively selected habitats using visual cues. Subtle differences in species' affinity for complex habitats allowed us to appraise their potential vulnerabilities to habitat loss in the Mediterranean under environmental change scenarios. Furthermore, the results of this study provided evidence that differences in juvenile distribution between habitats found in previous observational studies may indeed be caused by active habitat selection, as well as through differential survivorship rates.

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Thermal effects on swimming activity and habitat choice in juvenile Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)

Cited by 10 publications

References 52 publications

The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in fish swimming

The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in fish swimming

Acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to different ages of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) larvae

Macrophyte complexity influences habitat choices of juvenile fish

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