Thermal degradation of waste plastics under non-sweeping atmosphere: Part 1: Effect of temperature, product optimization, and degradation mechanism

Singh, Rohit Kumar; Ruj, Biswajit; Sadhukhan, Anup Kumar; Gupta, Parthapratim

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.067

Cited by 143 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Sulphur may be found from sulphur containing antioxidant, which is used as a thermal stabilizer during the processing of polymeric materials 39 . The ultimate and proximate analyses of plastic medical wastes presented in Table 1 are compared to some other results reported elsewhere 20 , 42 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Liquid fuel oil produced from plastic based medical wastes by thermal cracking

Rasul¹,

Som²,

Hossain

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The present work is an effort to produce liquid fuel oil from plastic based medical wastes through thermal cracking process under oxidizing conditions. The mixed plastics from medical wastes were considered as a feedstock, shredded into small pieces and heated at 773 ± 10 K for 40 min with a heating rate of 20 K/min in a batch reactor for thermal cracking process. The feedstock was characterized by proximate and ultimate analysis along with thermogravimetric investigation. Moreover, chemical compositions of the liquid fuel oil were examined by FTIR and GC–MS spectroscopy. The properties of liquid product were also examined and compared to the commercial fuel oil. The average yield of brownish and sticky liquid fuel was obtained to be 52 wt% and the gross calorific value of the liquid was found 41.32 MJ/kg which is comparable to that of commercial diesel. FTIR spectrum showed characteristic absorption bands of C–H and =CH2 groups indicating presence of alkane and alkene compounds. GC–MS study demonstrated the chemical constituents of the liquid product that is mostly aliphatic compounds of mainly alkanes (16.28%), alkenes (10.67%), alcohols (14.65%) and ester groups (10.38%) including iso-phthalate (40.02%) as a predominant product. This experiment concludes that the liquid oil derived from thermal cracking of mixed plastics comprised of a composite mixture of organic components. A significant amount of non-degraded constituents like plasticizers, precursors, etc. remained in the product having some economic values with human health and environmental impacts during burning has been addressed in the current issue.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The DTG peaks also indicate wide degradation temperature spans which is due to mixed polymeric components in the plastic wastes 42 . The mixed plastics started decomposition from 360 K, 548 K and 555 K at the heating rates of 10 K/min, 20 K/min and 30 K/min, respectively under constant air flow.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Liquid fuel oil produced from plastic based medical wastes by thermal cracking

Rasul¹,

Som²,

Hossain

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…For example, Williams and Williams (1999) reported that plastic mixtures had a higher yield of pyrolysis products compared to the yields of the single plastics. Singh et al (2019) found that the thermal degradation of a plastic mixture (HDPE, PP, PET, and polystyrene) started earlier and the rate of mass loss was considerably lower than the degradation of individual polymers. So far, there is no clear evidence about whether considerable interaction effects occur between waste materials and therefore the use of the WSM might be controversial for compositional analysis of WDM through TGA.…”

Section: Tga Of Wdmmentioning

confidence: 98%

Characterisation and composition identification of waste-derived fuels obtained from municipal solid waste using thermogravimetry: A review

et al. 2020

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Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is the most widespread thermal analytical technique applied to waste materials. By way of critical review, we establish a theoretical framework for the use of TGA under non-isothermal conditions for compositional analysis of waste-derived fuels from municipal solid waste (MSW) (solid recovered fuel (SRF), or refuse-derived fuel (RDF)). Thermal behaviour of SRF/RDF is described as a complex mixture of several components at multiple levels (including an assembly of prevalent waste items, materials, and chemical compounds); and, operating conditions applied to TGA experiments of SRF/RDF are summarised. SRF/RDF mainly contains cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate. Polyvinyl chloride is also used in simulated samples, for its high chlorine content. We discuss the main limitations for TGA-based compositional analysis of SRF/RDF, due to inherently heterogeneous composition of MSW at multiple levels, overlapping degradation areas, and potential interaction effects among waste components and cross-contamination. Optimal generic TGA settings are highlighted (inert atmosphere and low heating rate (⩽10°C), sufficient temperature range for material degradation (⩾750°C), and representative amount of test portion). There is high potential to develop TGA-based composition identification and wider quality assurance and control methods using advanced thermo-analytical techniques (e.g. TGA with evolved gas analysis), coupled with statistical data analytics.

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“…Pyrolysis is one of the widely applied technology to recover energy from plastic waste. Singha, Ruj, Sadhukhana, and Gupta (2019) reported that the temperature of 500°C was considered the optimum temperature for recovering low density pyrolysis oil with the highest oil yield. Under the temperature of 500°C, the liquid yield obtained from plastic wastes was 80%-90% having a density of 0.73-0.86 gm/cm 3 with no wax component.…”

Section: Utilization Of Plastic Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%