Thermal degradation of Poly(methyl methacrylate) with a 1.064 μm Nd:YAG laser in a buoyant flow

Acosta, Roberto I.; Gross, Kevin C.; Perram, Glen P.

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.06.016

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The presence of a small fraction of polymer chains that acquire head-to-head linkages, or unsaturated ends which are considered generally as thermally unstable that would initiate weak links and so forth to decompose into MMA monomer molecules below 300 °C. Such unzipping reaction negatively in uence the polymer overall thermal stability that even though most of the polymer chains free defects are thermally stable at that temperature or higher [1,2]. Therefore, the key to increase the thermal stability of the free radical polymerized polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is mainly to minimize the relative properties of weak links, head-to-head linkages or unsaturated chain ends towards suitability to complex with a variety of catalytic chain transferring agent to achieve an encouraging target of favorable polydispersity [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Well-Controlled Emulsion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Using (Hg,Cd)-Diphenylcarbazone Catalysts: An attempt to Create Hg-free, Nontoxic, γ-Radiation and thermal Stable Films

AbdelDayem

El-Mosallamy

2021

Preprint

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In this work, a procedure for synthesis of Hg and Cd-free PMMA films via emulsion polymerization using different concentrations (0.000025 - 0.00025 g mol/L) of Hg and Cd-diphenylcarbazone complexes (Hg(or Cd)DPC) as a catalytic chain transferring agent was reported. The extraction of either HgDPC or CdDPC from resultants polymers was confirmed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and the neat polymers presented no cytotoxicity to human Hep G2 Cells. Well dispersity of PMMA (DPI of ca. 1.3) and the optimal performance in MMA polymerization was achieved using 0.00020 g mol/L HgDPC, which exhibited a PMMA yield of ca. 98%. Thermal behavior studies proved that PMMA films became highly thermally stable suggested as due to the elimination of head-to-head growing PMMA chains and disproportionation mechanistic steps. Therefore, the degradation process is mainly due to the random main chain scission, which on turn demonstrated a positive impact on its melting, decomposition and, glass transition (Tg) temperatures where, Tg of PMMA samples understudy increased in the following order: blank(60°C)˂CdDPC(69°C)˂HgDPC(84°C).The radiation shields and mechanical properties of PMMA films were also studied to evaluate the anti-radiation affinity of these complexes where, a tensile strength of 85.0 MPa of resultant PMMA using HgDPC was acquired.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Well-Controlled Emulsion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Using (Hg,Cd)-Diphenylcarbazone Catalysts: An attempt to Create Hg-free, Nontoxic, γ-Radiation and thermal Stable Films

AbdelDayem

El-Mosallamy

2021

Preprint

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“…This plastic pyrolysis procedure (energy recovery) can be another option instead of recycling Anuar Sh.,(2017). The other kind of plastic can be transmuted into its indigenous monomeric situation by chemical or thermal processes Acosta,(2015) and Kikuchi,(2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Depolymerization of Waste Plastics in Bubble Coliumn Reactor for Blended Fabrication

Alzuhairi

N.Alsroofy

A.Jan

et al. 2021

IQJMME

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The degradation of waste plastics in the environment is such an essential issue for Earth protection. This study indicated the importance of using waste bottles to produce recycled depolymerization Polyethylene Terephthalate (DPET). The bubble column reactor technique and its effect in the depolymerization process have been investigated. The DPET with Poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been used to fabricate the hybrid polymer to improve the mechanical properties. Thus, different percentages (1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 %) of (DPET) are used to surmise its repercussions on the mechanical properties of the polymer. These ramifications were studied through a sequence of research laboratory tests, including tensile strength, Charpy impact, and shore-D hardness, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The results show a development interest, especially for impact strength and surface hardness, where both tests show compatible results, especially at (10%) of DPET. At the same time, maximum results of tensile strength are at (3%). FTIR analysis shows a chemical reaction between DPET and PMMA, which significantly improves the characteristics and makes it a wide range of available applications.

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“…Laser marking technology has been widely used in the marking and patterning of material surfaces due to its rapid, efficient, and environmentally friendly advantages. − Due to the wide variety of polymer materials having different structures and compositions, their laser response performance and the clarity and contrast of laser marking also show differences. ABS has excellent chemical stability and mechanical properties, but ABS is not a very good absorber of the near-infrared laser, leading to the blurred laser marking .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Laser-Marking and Mechanical Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer Composites with Organically Modified Montmorillonite

Zhang

et al. 2020

ACS Omega

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In this study, organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) was prepared by modifying MMT with a cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The obtained OMMT of different loading contents (1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt %) was melt-blended with poly(acrylonitrile- co -butadiene- co -styrene) (ABS) to prepare a series of ABS/OMMT composites, which were laser marked using a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser beam of 1064 nm under different laser current processes. X-ray diffraction (XRD), color difference spectrometer, optical microscope, water contact angle tests, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy were carried out to characterize the morphology, structure, and properties of the laser-patterned ABS composites. The effects of the addition of OMMT and the laser marking process on the mechanical properties of ABS/OMMT composites were investigated through mechanical property tests. The results show that the obtained ABS/OMMT composites have enhanced laser marking performance, compared to the ABS. When the OMMT content is 2 wt % and the laser current intensity is 9 A, the marking on ABS composites has the highest contrast (Δ E = 36.38) and sharpness, and the quick response (QR) code fabricated can be scanned and identified with a mobile app. SEM and water contact angle tests showed that the holes, narrow cracks, and irregular protrusion are formed on the composite surface after laser marking, resulting in a more hydrophobic surface and an increased water contact angle. Raman spectroscopy and XRD indicate that OMMT can absorb the near-infrared laser energy, undergo photo thermal conversion, and cause the pyrolysis and carbonization of ABS to form black marking, and the crystal structure itself does not change significantly. When the 2 wt % of OMMT is loaded, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength of ABS/OMMT are increased by 15, 20, and 14%, respectively, compared to ABS. Compared with the unmarked ABS/OMMT, the defects including holes and cracks generated on the surface of the marked one lead to the decreased mechanical property. The desirable combination of high contrast laser marking performance and mechanical properties can be achieved at an OMMT loading content of 2 wt % and a laser current intensity of 9 A. This research work provides a simple, economical, and environmentally friendly method for laser marking of engineering materials such as ABS.

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Thermal degradation of Poly(methyl methacrylate) with a 1.064 μm Nd:YAG laser in a buoyant flow

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Well-Controlled Emulsion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Using (Hg,Cd)-Diphenylcarbazone Catalysts: An attempt to Create Hg-free, Nontoxic, γ-Radiation and thermal Stable Films

Well-Controlled Emulsion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Using (Hg,Cd)-Diphenylcarbazone Catalysts: An attempt to Create Hg-free, Nontoxic, γ-Radiation and thermal Stable Films

Chemical Depolymerization of Waste Plastics in Bubble Coliumn Reactor for Blended Fabrication

Surface Laser-Marking and Mechanical Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer Composites with Organically Modified Montmorillonite

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