Thermal degradation of naturally aged NBR with time and temperature

Ammineni, Syam Prasad; Nagaraju, C.; Dumpala, Lingaraju

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/ac7302

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Te plot of activation energy (E a ) as a function of α are presented in Figure 11. On the basis of the trend of E a, by which both composites achieve values that show the oxidative cross-linking process that occurs during the heat deterioration of acrylic rubber [46], it may be deduced that the levels of activation energy (E a ) acquired using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa approach are slightly higher in comparison to the value obtained using the Kissinger approach [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Furthermore, these fgures demonstrate the signifcance of HNT in enhancing the thermal stability of the ACM matrix.…”

Section: Flynn-wall-ozawa Methodmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Normally, the multiheating-rate method has been extensively used to study the thermal degradation kinetics due to its reliability. Several researchers have adopted the Kissinger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa models based on the multiheating rate method to investigate the degradation kinetics of various rubber composites [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acrylic Rubber-Reinforced Halloysite Nanotubes/Carbon Black Hybrid Fillers for Oil Seal Applications: Thermal Stability and Dynamic Mechanical Properties

Krishnamurthy¹,

Prabu

Chinnasamy

et al. 2022

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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In this study, we show that adding halloysite nanotubes (HNT) to carbon black (CB)-packed acrylic rubber (ACM) composites improves their thermal properties. The thermo-oxidative stability, thermal stability, and dynamic mechanical properties of ACM composites (filled simply with 70 phr CB) and ACM hybrid composites comprising a fixed amount of CB (60 phr) and a variable amount of halloysite nanotubes (HNT) (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 phr) were investigated. As evidenced by the oxidation induction time analysis, hybrid structures support a higher degree of antioxidation in composites reinforced with twin fillers than composites reinforced just with CB. ACM composites with dual fillers had greater breakdown temperatures (temperatures at 10% weight loss (T10) and 50% weight loss (T50)) and char residue concentration at 600°C than ACM conventional composites, according to thermogravimetric tests. The activation energy of the thermal disintegration of ACM composites, as determined by the Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa techniques, shows that the addition of HNT improves the thermal stability of ACM composites. The storage modulus of ACM composites was increased by 79 percent at 30°C when 10 phr of black filler was replaced with 6 phr of tubular HNT, according to additional viscoelastic experiments.

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Section: Flynn-wall-ozawa Methodmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acrylic Rubber-Reinforced Halloysite Nanotubes/Carbon Black Hybrid Fillers for Oil Seal Applications: Thermal Stability and Dynamic Mechanical Properties

Krishnamurthy¹,

Prabu

Chinnasamy

et al. 2022

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…Kreps et al 8 propose a kinetic model for predicting thermooxidative stability during storage. Ammineni et al 9 investigate thermal degradation of NBR using TGA and analyze kinetic parameters. Alsulami et al 10 evaluate thermal degradation profiles and kinetic parameters for date palm wastes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating shelf life and degradation mechanisms of nitrile butadiene rubber for viscoelastic dampers

Ammineni,

Lingaraju,

Nagaraju

2024

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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This study investigates the shelf life of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) based on age and temperature factors. Natural aging of nitrile butadiene rubber samples is performed under laboratory conditions for 2 years, followed by thermogravimetric analysis to evaluate Arrhenius parameters. Toop’s equation is used to predict shelf life at 5% conversion rate. Model-free kinetic methods, including Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Kissinger, estimate shelf life at different temperatures for both virgin and naturally aged nitrile butadiene rubber. Results show close correlation between KAS and Kissinger methods, with slight variations in activation energy impacting shelf life. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests assess functional group changes with age. Virgin nitrile butadiene rubber activation energy: OFW-73.33 kJ/mol, KAS-68.43 kJ/mol. Aged nitrile butadiene rubber activation energy: OFW-72.57 kJ/mol, KAS-67.88 kJ/mol. Shelf life at 40°C: Virgin nitrile butadiene rubber - OFW-111.29 years, KAS-26.31 years. Aged nitrile butadiene rubber - OFW-89.01 years, KAS-22.37 years. These findings provide valuable insights for predicting and assessing nitrile butadiene rubber viscoelastic damper performance in engineering applications.

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“…These properties provide more application for the hydrogenation of ENR in the automotive and oil industries. There are many reports of the thermal decomposition behavior of polymeric materials such as nitrile butadiene rubber, 24 LDPE containing cobalt stearate in the concentration range (0.05–0.2% w/w), 25 and poly(ether imide)/carbon fiber composites 26 using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The kinetic parameters of degradation were evaluated using model-free kinetic methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Aging Properties of Hydrogenated Epoxidized Natural Rubber and Its Lifetime Prediction

et al. 2022

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Natural rubber (NR) has restricted its application due to its potential for thermal- and oil-resistant materials. The weakness of NR can be eliminated by chemical modification to enhance aging properties. Formic acid and hydrogen peroxide have been used to prepare partially epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) in the latex state. Its residual unsaturated units were then modified using hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide to obtain hydrogenated ENR (HENR). 1H-NMR characterized the resulting products. NR and modified NRs were compounded and then vulcanized using a conventional milling process. This paper compares NR, ENR having 49.5% epoxide group content, and HENR having 49.5% epoxide group content and 24% hydrogenation degree in terms of tensile, thermal, oil, and ozone properties. Morphology and lifetime prediction were studied. Overall results show that the tensile strength of the HENR composite (14.7 MPa) was 79 and 71% lower than that of ENR (18.6 MPa) and NR (20.8 MPa) composites, respectively. In contrast, the modulus at 100% elongation of the HENR composite (2.0 MPa) was 167 and 200% higher than that of ENR (1.2 MPa) and NR (1.0 MPa) composites, respectively. Morphological studies of the tensile fractured surface of the vulcanizates, using scanning electron microscopy, confirmed a shift from ductility failure to brittle with the presence of the epoxide groups and low unsaturated bonds in the backbone chain. The results demonstrated that HENR could act as an ideal material, providing better thermal, oil, and ozone resistances while maintaining the mechanical properties of the rubber. The kinetic analyses of the thermal degradation of NR, ENR, and HENR were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at three heating rates. Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) was employed to calculate the activation energy (E a). The obtained data were used to predict the lifetime under the established temperature range and 0.05 conversion level. Overall, the results represented that HENR had a longer lifetime than NR and ENR for a temperature range between 25 and 200 °C, indicating that HENR had excellent thermal stability than NR and ENR. Therefore, the HENR should extend the applications to include gaskets and seals, especially for the automotive and oil industries.

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Thermal degradation of naturally aged NBR with time and temperature

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Acrylic Rubber-Reinforced Halloysite Nanotubes/Carbon Black Hybrid Fillers for Oil Seal Applications: Thermal Stability and Dynamic Mechanical Properties

Acrylic Rubber-Reinforced Halloysite Nanotubes/Carbon Black Hybrid Fillers for Oil Seal Applications: Thermal Stability and Dynamic Mechanical Properties

Estimating shelf life and degradation mechanisms of nitrile butadiene rubber for viscoelastic dampers

Mechanical and Aging Properties of Hydrogenated Epoxidized Natural Rubber and Its Lifetime Prediction

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