Thermal degradation of extractive-based bio-epoxy monomer and network: Kinetics and mechanism

Kuo, Ping‐Chang; Barros, Luizmar de Assis; Sheen, Yuung‐Ching; Sain, Mohini; Tjong, Jimi; Yan, Ning

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2015.11.014

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The value of T s for the blended jatropha bio-epoxy was 193 • C and 8% lower than the synthetic epoxy which was 210 • C. The blended bio-epoxy had a lower index due to its fatty acid possessing few aliphatic rings, which would weaken the thermal stability [28]. However, both these index values are considered as medium range index values.…”

Section: Temperature Transition By Dscmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Thermal and Flammability Characteristics of Blended Jatropha Bio-Epoxy as Matrix in Carbon Fiber–Reinforced Polymer

et al. 2019

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This purpose of this paper was to reveal characteristics of a composite structure containing carbon fiber as a reinforcement and blended synthetic epoxy/bio-epoxy derived from crude jatropha oil as resin and compared with fully synthetic epoxy. The composite structure was prepared by the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding technique and was left to cure for 24 h at room temperature. Both were characterized for their thermal, chemical, and flammable characteristics. The incorporation of jatropha bio-epoxy into the matrix significantly improved the thermal stability between 288–365 °C as obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) curves showed slight diminution of performances and Tg from DMA tests confirmed well with the trend of Tg obtain by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves. On the other hand, the flammability property was rated horizontal burning (HB) which was the same as the fully synthetic composite, but the duration to self-extinguish was halved for the composite with jatropha bio-epoxy. Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FT-IR/ATR) was conducted to determine the difference of functional groups’ spectrum due to bonding type existing on both specimens. Overall, the composite specimen with blended bio-epoxy exhibited better thermal stability, comparable flammability characteristics, and performances. The aim of this paper was to introduce bio-based epoxy as a potential alternative epoxy and to compete with synthetic epoxy so as to minimize the footprint of non-renewable composite.

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Section: Temperature Transition By Dscmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It could be seen that when the jatropha bio-epoxy reached a weight loss of 35% compared to the epoxy at 30% at 400 • C, the aromatic rings began their degradation [28]. By the end of the curvature, the epoxy had a better total thermal stability than the jatropha bio-epoxy.…”

Section: Temperature Transition By Dscmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and Flammability Characteristics of Blended Jatropha Bio-Epoxy as Matrix in Carbon Fiber–Reinforced Polymer

et al. 2019

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“…Thermal stability of UFC resin and the influence of tin contents on the thermal stability of UFC can be quantitatively evaluated by various parameters including initial decomposition temperature ( T i ) also called T 5% (due to its correspondence to 5% mass loss of the material), temperature at maximum reaction rate ( T m ), final decomposition temperature ( T f ), and statistic heat‐resistant index ( T s ) . In the present case, aiming at evaluating the influence of nature and contents of tin on the initiation of UFC thermal degradation process, values of T 5% parameter for both the resin and composites are calculated and pasted in Table .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting thermal degradation mechanisms in urea–formaldehyde cellulose composites filled with tin particles

Arshad¹,

Maaroufi²,

Benavente

et al. 2017

Polymer Composites

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This article reports a study on structural characterization, thermal stability, and prediction of the thermal degradation mechanisms of urea–formaldehyde cellulose (UFC) composites filled with tin particles by condensed phase kinetic approaches. Structural characterization of UFC/Sn composites performed by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier‐transform infrared analyses demonstrates that the composites are fairly homogenous, and the interactions between UFC and tin in the composites are physical in nature. Measurements of inherent thermal stabilities, apparent reaction profiles, and thermal degradation kinetics of UFC and UFC/Sn composites have been carried out on the thermoanalytical data of materials. The integral procedure decompositions temperature elucidates the increasing thermal stabilities trend of UFC/Sn composites with the increase in tin contents in UFC matrix. Reaction profiles of UFC and UFC/Sn composites suggest considerably complex thermal degradation pathways of the materials which comprise various competitive/consecutive reactions. Substantial variations in the activation energies of matrix and composites with the advancement of reaction by generalized integral isoconversional method verify their multistep reaction mechanisms. Advanced reaction model determination methodology with the help of a novel kinetic function F(α, T) reveals that the multistep thermal degradation of UFC goes to completion by overall following intricate nucleation/growth mechanisms. A detailed account of the mechanistic information related to thermal degradation of UFC and UFC/Sn composites is also given and discussed in this study. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:4341–4354, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…Therefore, the global pyrolysis reaction can be described with the following chemical equation: 2015) obtained a final char ratio of 10.5 wt%. Based on the pyrolysis of DGEBA epoxy resin at 700°C, the TGA measurements of Kuo et al (Kuo et al (2016)) show a similar char ratio. Fig.…”

Section: Data Processing and Reconciliationmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…It is therefore crucial to understand the thermochemical phenomena occurring in the furnace during the pyrolysis of epoxy resin to optimise the process design, process operating conditions and safety control. The epoxy polymer chains break down into a large variety of smaller molecular fragments made up of numerous chemical species (Beyler and Hirschler, 2002), due to two categories of reactions: chain rearrangement and cleavage reactions (Kuo et al, 2016). number of measurements to be reconciled n i number of the measurements of i th variable η H residual hydrogen ratio p i parameter value p 1 and p 4 mean normalized values of the heating rate and the plateau time R j response j to be estimated R M % Ch andR η H estimated responses of the char ratio and the residual hydrogen ratio (%) σ i standard deviation of a series of measurements for i th variable y i x y z w , , , carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atomic numbers in the constituent x y z w , , , mean values of the CHON atomic numbers in a constituent (raw data)ˆx y z w , , , reconciled data of the CHON atomic numbers in a constituent (reconciled data) y i raw measurement i ŷ i estimation of the measurement i meeting the constraints (reconciled data) y i j j th measurement of i th variable ȳ i mean value of all the measurements of i th variable y i and the triethylenetetramine (TETA) curing agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of pyrolysis to remove hydrogen from an organic nuclear waste

Duan

Fiquet

Ablitzer

et al. 2021

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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The work deals with the removal by slow pyrolysis of epoxy resin from samples of spent nuclear fuel embedded in this polymer. Beyond the nuclear field, epoxy resin removal by pyrolysis is a typical issue for the recovery of metals in electronic waste. The main objective is to find the optimal conditions to remove hydrogen in the residual solid waste, in order to avoid hydrogen production by radiolysis during storage and so to prevent any risk of overpressure and explosion. The condensable pyrolysis products (tar-water mixture) and the char were characterised and quantified by elemental analyses, while the permanent gases were quantified by gas chromatography. A data reconciliation method was applied to adjust the values of raw measurements in order to complete the mass balances for both C, H, O and N elements and pyrolysis products. After studying the impact of temperature on the pyrolysis balance, experiments on a pilot furnace were conducted at 450°C, in the frame of a parametric study of the heating rate, argon gas flow rate, resin mass and plateau time. At fixed temperature, we show that the plateau time is the only significant parameter for minimizing the residual hydrogen content in the char.

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Thermal degradation of extractive-based bio-epoxy monomer and network: Kinetics and mechanism

Cited by 17 publications

References 53 publications

Thermal and Flammability Characteristics of Blended Jatropha Bio-Epoxy as Matrix in Carbon Fiber–Reinforced Polymer

Thermal and Flammability Characteristics of Blended Jatropha Bio-Epoxy as Matrix in Carbon Fiber–Reinforced Polymer

Predicting thermal degradation mechanisms in urea–formaldehyde cellulose composites filled with tin particles

Application of pyrolysis to remove hydrogen from an organic nuclear waste

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