Thermal Degradation of Bis (2-Chloroethyl) Sulfide (Mustard Gas)

Wagner, George W.; MacIver, Brian; Rohrbaugh, D. K.; Yang, Yu-Chu

doi:10.1080/10426509908031618

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…While the exact mechanism varies based on the simulant, both CEES and TEP are primarily decomposed by a pericyclic reaction, which results in the expulsion of ethylene. 38 − 40 It is posited that the combustion of the ethylene formed allows the reaction to progress by continually adding energy to the system, until the simulant is fully consumed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants Utilizing Pyrolyzed Cotton Balls as Wicks

et al. 2020

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A simple method to improve the thermal decomposition of chemical warfare agent simulants is reported. Utilizing pyrolyzed cotton balls as a substrate for the delivery of an incendiary agent into a bulk volume of chemical warfare agent simulants, significant enhancements in the burning rates were achieved with respect to either other wicks or the incendiary agent by itself. To perform the decomposition experiments and follow the reaction in real time, while still addressing the important safety considerations related to experiments involving chemical warfare agent simulants and incendiary agents, a simple instrument was assembled in a laboratory hood, where all experiments were performed. Under ambient conditions, this method was able to enhance the decomposition of simulants for both sulfur mustard (HD) and sarin (GB) chemical warfare agents. Overall, the proposed approach represents one of the simplest and more cost-effective ways to improve the decomposition of these dangerous substances, presenting options for field expedient and low-cost processes that could be applied in the near future to the safe destruction of an actual CWA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants Utilizing Pyrolyzed Cotton Balls as Wicks

et al. 2020

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“…The characteristic resonances at the 23 and 37 ppm chemical shifts were not seen, which suggested that any 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4-dithianium formed and reacted quickly. An additional mechanism for the formation of 1,4-dithiane from sulfur mustard is via the intermediates H-H (45, 44, 43, 38, 35, 28 ppm), Q (43, 34, 32 ppm), and S(CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 S + CH 2 CH 2 Cl, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1,4-dithianium (38, 37, 43, 23 ppm) (Scheme 6) [28]. The characteristic resonances for the S(CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 S + CH 2 CH 2 Cl at the 23 and 38 ppm chemical shifts were not seen, thus any formed would have reacted quickly.…”

Section: Sulfonium Ion Formation and Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Wagner et al [28] studied the thermal degradation of sulfur mustard with and without water, finding that the "dry degradation" products were 1,2-dichloroethane, polysulfides Q (ClCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 Cl), and 1,4-dithiane, whereas the "moist degradation" products were 1,4-oxathiane, 2-chloroethanol, and numerous sulfonium ions, including the major product S(CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 S + CH 2 CH 2 Cl and the minor product O(CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 S + CH 2 CH 2 OH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Kinetics of the degradation of sulfur mustard on ambient and moist concrete

Brevett

Sumpter

Nickol

2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Under these operating conditions, other unidentified reaction products were also observed in addition to mentioned light organic products. The available tests show that other decomposition products may also be obtained during the pyrolysis of sulfur mustard, which may include carbon disulfide, 1,2-dichloroethane, thiophene and methylthiophene (Faragher et al 1928;Wagner et al 1999;Battin-Leclerc et al 2000).…”

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and catalytic methods used for destruction of chemical warfare agents

Nawała

Jóźwik

Popiel

2019

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The decontamination of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) from structures, environmental media and even personnel has become an area of particular interest in recent years due to increased homeland security concerns. This article reviews applications of catalytic methods used for decontamination of CWAs. Most attention was given to the following methods: thermocatalysis, photocatalysis and enzyme catalysis among the many methods of catalytic CWA decomposition. Unfortunately, there are not enough data obtained with real CWAs due to the difficulty in handling, so we have described also data available for CWAs simulants. These methods can be useful for decontamination systems that can reduce the damage caused by possible terrorism.

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Thermal Degradation of Bis (2-Chloroethyl) Sulfide (Mustard Gas)

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants Utilizing Pyrolyzed Cotton Balls as Wicks

Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants Utilizing Pyrolyzed Cotton Balls as Wicks

Kinetics of the degradation of sulfur mustard on ambient and moist concrete

Thermal and catalytic methods used for destruction of chemical warfare agents

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