Thermal Deformations of Thermoplast during 3D Printing: Warping in the Case of ABS

Ramian, Jakub; Ramian, Jan; Dziob, Daniel

doi:10.3390/ma14227070

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, the warpage of printed part with rPS/rPP blended filament only occurs on both end tensile specimen, and its likely warpage happened on printed part with ABS material. [ 24 ] According to Winter et al, [ 25 ] the PP material have low adhesion with the built plate and the semi‐crystalline structure causes warpage of the printed part. However, the warpage of the printed part with PP material can be overcome by increasing the temperature of built surface for enhancing the adhesion between printed part and built plate, and addition of filler as nucleating agent for reducing the shrinkage during the cooling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycled plastic filament made from post‐consumer expanded polystyrene and polypropylene for fused filamant fabrication

Chu

Koay

Chan

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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This research focused on developing recycled polymer blend filament from post-consumer expanded polystyrene and single-use polypropylene container for fuse filament fabrication (FFF). In this work, recycled polystyrene (rPS)/ recycled polypropylene (rPP) blend was extruded into filament for FFF printing. The increase in printing temperature obviously reduced the air gaps and improved the interlayer adhesion. However, the printed specimen only exhibited optimum tensile strength at printing temperature of 230 C. The printed specimens with rPS/rPP at 80/20 blend ratio showed the lowest tensile strength due to poor printed layers adhesion caused by incompatibility of polymer blend. However, printed specimens with rPS/rPP at 50/50 blend ratio could achieve optimum strength of 32 MPa. The micrographs proved that the voids in printed specimen were smaller or absent when the printing temperature and rPP content in the blend was increased. This means that the increase in print temperature and rPP content displayed a positive effect on the printed specimens. The effect of blend ratio had significantly increased melt flow and crystallinity of rPS/rPP blend when the rPP content was increased in the blend.However, the increase of melt flow and crystallinity led to noticeable warpage on the printed specimen.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycled plastic filament made from post‐consumer expanded polystyrene and polypropylene for fused filamant fabrication

Chu

Koay

Chan

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Occasionally, this leads the corners of the printouts to rise, as shown in Figure 3 . This phenomenon is unfavorable not only due to the change in shape of the object, but it also can cause the printout to peel off the base, which, in extreme cases, may even destroy the printer [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Construction of a Chamber Enabling the Observation of Living Cells in the Field of a Constant Magnetic Force

Dziob

Ramian

et al. 2021

Cells

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The aim of the work was to design and construct a microscopic stage that enables the observation of biological cells in a magnetic field with a constant magnetic force. Regarding the requirements for biological observations in the magnetic field, construction was based on the standard automatic stage of an optical microscope ZEISS Axio Observer, and the main challenge was to design a set of magnets which were the source of a field in which the magnetic force was constant in the observation zone. Another challenge was to design a magnet arrangement producing a weak magnetic field to manipulate the cells without harming them. The Halbach array of magnets was constructed using permanent cubic neodymium magnets mounted on a 3D printed polymer ring. Four sets of magnets were used, differing in their dimensions, namely, 20, 15, 12, and 10 mm. The polymer rings were designed to resist magnetic forces and to keep their shape undisturbed when working under biological conditions. To check the usability of the constructs, experiments with magnetic microparticles were executed. Magnetic microparticles were placed under the microscope and their movement was observed to find the acting magnetic force.

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“…ABS was used to approximate the breast tissue, which was found to be a good equivalent for adipose tissue 10 . However, this material shrinks during cooling after the print 24 . A general solution for this problem would be to increase the volume of the 3D‐object in the slicing software by a specific shrinking factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction of a conventional anthropomorphic female chest phantom by 3D‐printing: Comparison of image contrasts and absorbed doses in CT

et al. 2023

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BackgroundThe production of individualized anthropomorphic phantoms via three‐dimensional (3D) printing methods offers promising possibilities to assess and optimize radiation exposures for specifically relevant patient groups (i.e., overweighed or pregnant persons) that are not adequately represented by standardized anthropomorphic phantoms. However, the equivalence of printed phantoms must be demonstrated exemplarily with respect to the resulting image contrasts and dose distributions.PurposeTo reproduce a conventionally produced anthropomorphic phantom of a female chest and breasts and to evaluate their equivalence with respect to image contrasts and absorbed doses at the example of a computed tomography (CT) examination of the chest.MethodsIn a first step, the effect of different print settings on the CT values of printed samples was systematically investigated. Subsequently, a transversal slice and breast add‐ons of a conventionally produced female body phantom were reproduced using a multi‐material extrusion‐based printer, considering six different types of tissues (muscle, lung, adipose, and glandular breast tissue, as well as bone and cartilage). CT images of the printed and conventionally produced phantom parts were evaluated with respect to their geometric correspondence, image contrasts, and absorbed doses measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters.ResultsCT values of printed objects are highly sensitive to the selected print settings. The soft tissues of the conventionally produced phantom could be reproduced with a good agreement. Minor differences in CT values were observed for bone and lung tissue, whereas absorbed doses to the relevant tissues were identical within the measurement uncertainties.Conclusion3D‐printed phantoms are with exception of minor contrast differences equivalent to their conventionally manufactured counterparts. When comparing the two production techniques, it is important to note that conventionally manufactured phantoms should not be considered as absolute benchmarks, as they also only approximate the human body in terms of its absorption, and attenuation of x‐rays as well as its geometry.

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Thermal Deformations of Thermoplast during 3D Printing: Warping in the Case of ABS

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Recycled plastic filament made from post‐consumer expanded polystyrene and polypropylene for fused filamant fabrication

Recycled plastic filament made from post‐consumer expanded polystyrene and polypropylene for fused filamant fabrication

Design and Construction of a Chamber Enabling the Observation of Living Cells in the Field of a Constant Magnetic Force

Reproduction of a conventional anthropomorphic female chest phantom by 3D‐printing: Comparison of image contrasts and absorbed doses in CT

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