Thermal decomposition reaction mechanism and combustion performance of AlH3/AP energetic composite

Li, Minjie; Li, Chenyang; Yu, Shuang; Li, Chunyan; Cheng, Wangjian; Xu, Chuanhao; Ni, Yun; An, Chongwei

doi:10.1016/j.csite.2022.102317

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In particular, there was only Al existing at 200 °C, which corresponded to the decomposition of AlH 3 . As the temperature increased, AlF 3 and AlCl 3 gradually appeared in the products, thereby indicating that the dehydrogenated Al could react with the substances produced by the decomposition of PFPE and AP . Moreover, the SEM-EDS images indicate that the release of H 2 could form the porous structure (Figure b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…As the temperature continues to rise, the AP system enters the LTD stage, during which the AP crystals generate NH 3 and HClO 4 through proton transfer. Furthermore, NH 3 and HClO 4 that are adsorbed on the molecular surface of AP undergo a more intense redox reaction …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…45 As the temperature increased, AlF 3 and AlCl 3 gradually appeared in the products, thereby indicating that the dehydrogenated Al could react with the substances produced by the decomposition of PFPE and AP. 46 Moreover, the SEM-EDS images indicate that the release of H 2 could form the porous structure (Figure 9b). These porous structures could act as the channel for H 2 and the heat transition and further expose the Al core to accelerate the oxidation reaction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Furthermore, NH 3 and HClO 4 that are adsorbed on the molecular surface of AP undergo a more intense redox reaction. 46 ■ CONCLUSIONS In this work, the formulation of AlH 3 @PFPE@xAP composites has been optimized, and the AHFPs were successfully fabricated via a spray-drying technique. These materials have been characterized in terms of thermal reactivity, vacuum stability, flame structure, and CCPs morphology, and then the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters of AlH 3 and AP were also obtained.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stabilization of AlH₃ Crystals by the Coating of Hydrophobic PFPE and Resulted Reactivity with Ammonium Perchlorate

Yang

Xie³

et al. 2023

Langmuir

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Aluminum hydride (AlH 3 ) is a promising fuel component of solid propellant, but its stabilization is still challenging. Herein, surface functionalization of hydrophobic perfluoropolyether (PFPE) followed by ammonium perchlorate (AP) coating has been implemented. In particular, AlH 3 @PFPE@xAP (x = 10, 30, 50, or 64.21%) composites (AHFPs) were prepared by a spraydrying technique. The PFPE-functionalized AlH 3 with a hydrophobic surface shows an increased water contact angle (WCA) from 51.87°to 113.54°. Compared with pure AlH 3 , the initial decomposition temperatures of AHFPs were increased by 17 °C, and the decomposition properties of AP in the AHFPs were also enhanced with significantly decreased peak temperature and fairly increased energy output. Moreover, the decomposition induction time of AHFPs-30% was improved by almost 1.82 times that of raw AlH 3 , which indicates that the coatings of PFPE and AP could improve the stability of AlH 3 . The maximum flame radiation intensity of AHFPs-30% was 21.6 × 10 3 , which is almost 7.71 times that of pure AlH 3 (2.8 × 10 3 ).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stabilization of AlH₃ Crystals by the Coating of Hydrophobic PFPE and Resulted Reactivity with Ammonium Perchlorate

Yang

Xie³

et al. 2023

Langmuir

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“…Shark et al [22] investigated the energy performance of propellants incorporating three hydrogenated metals, and observed a 4 % enhancement in the overall specific impulse of Dicyclopentadiene/Hydrogen peroxide propellants with AlH 3 . Li et al [23] compared the reaction mechanism and energy level of six types of AlH 3 /ammonium perchlorate (AP) particles with varying proportions, finding that a content of 20 % AlH 3 in the propellant yielded the best combination of isobaric combustion parameters, the flame phenomenon, and the energy release effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of agglomeration effect by aluminum trihydride in solid propellant combustion

Gou,

Hu,

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Aluminum trihydride (AlH3) has gained considerable attention as a substitute fuel for aluminum in solid propellants. In this study, we conducted a systematic investigation to evaluate the effects of AlH3 content, ranging from 0 % to 18 %, on propellant ignition, combustion, and agglomeration. Experimental methods such as thermogravimetry−differential scanning calorimetry (TG‐DSC), laser ignition, high‐speed photography, and collecting condensed combustion products (CCPs) were employed. The results indicate that AlH3 significantly promotes the high‐temperature decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). Meanwhile, the addition of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) in propellant does not affect the hydrogen release reaction of AlH3. As the AlH3 content increases from 0 % to 18 %, the spectral emission intensity of the propellants decreases, and the ignition delay time initially increases from 253 ms to 321 ms, and then decreases to 258 ms. Furthermore, the burning rate increases with increasing the AlH3 content, while the pressure exponent is reduced from 0.551 to 0.460. The inclusion of AlH3 in propellants significantly inhibits aluminum agglomeration near the burning surface. Additionally, as the AlH3 content increases, the mean particle size D43 of the CCPs decreases from 50.95 μm to 8.28 μm at 1 MPa. The agglomeration degree of aluminum is very weak at 7 MPa, especially when the AlH3 content exceeds 9 %. The conclusions drawn from this study can serve as valuable guidance for optimizing propellant formulations.

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Analysis of thermal stability for slow burning propellant based on isothermal testing: Self‐accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) calculation and validation

Luo,

Xia,

Wang

et al. 2024

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Burning rate suppressants (BRSs) refer to a series of additives that reduce the burning rate of propellants, crucial for achieving sustained and stable thrust. This research focuses on assessing the impact of ammonium sulfate and ammonium oxalate on thermal stability and their potential as BRSs. Due to the stronger inhibitory effect of ammonium sulfate on the AP proton transfer process, the activation energy of propellant's first decomposition can be increased from 94.71 kJ mol−1 to 129.69 kJ mol−1 at a 3 % addition level. Based on Semenov model, the self‐accelerated decomposition temperatures (TSADT) were calculated and validated through 7‐day isothermal test. Introducing ammonium sulfate and ammonium oxalate raised the TSADT from 197.31 °C to 220.90 °C and 215.06 °C, respectively, deviating less than 4 % from experimental results. Among the propellants tested, those with ammonium sulfate showed prolonged response delay times (44.43–33.60 h), lower superheating temperatures (222.8–445.5 °C), and reduced mass loss rates (33.0–71.4 %) after 7 days of isothermal storage at 220–240 °C. The consistency between thermal analysis and isothermal test underscores the significant impact of activation energy on thermal stability.

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Thermal decomposition reaction mechanism and combustion performance of AlH3/AP energetic composite

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Stabilization of AlH₃ Crystals by the Coating of Hydrophobic PFPE and Resulted Reactivity with Ammonium Perchlorate

Stabilization of AlH₃ Crystals by the Coating of Hydrophobic PFPE and Resulted Reactivity with Ammonium Perchlorate

Reduction of agglomeration effect by aluminum trihydride in solid propellant combustion

Analysis of thermal stability for slow burning propellant based on isothermal testing: Self‐accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) calculation and validation

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Thermal decomposition reaction mechanism and combustion performance of AlH3/AP energetic composite

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Stabilization of AlH3 Crystals by the Coating of Hydrophobic PFPE and Resulted Reactivity with Ammonium Perchlorate

Stabilization of AlH3 Crystals by the Coating of Hydrophobic PFPE and Resulted Reactivity with Ammonium Perchlorate

Reduction of agglomeration effect by aluminum trihydride in solid propellant combustion

Analysis of thermal stability for slow burning propellant based on isothermal testing: Self‐accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) calculation and validation

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Product

Resources

About

Stabilization of AlH₃ Crystals by the Coating of Hydrophobic PFPE and Resulted Reactivity with Ammonium Perchlorate

Stabilization of AlH₃ Crystals by the Coating of Hydrophobic PFPE and Resulted Reactivity with Ammonium Perchlorate