Thermal decomposition of various alkyl onium organoclays: Effect on polyethylene terephthalate nanocomposites' properties

Stoeffler, Karen; Lafleur, Pierre G.; Denault, J.

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.03.029

Cited by 73 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Synthetic clays have certain advantages over natural clays and are produced through different methods, including the ion exchange process by using various surfactants (Stoeffler et al, 2008). In this experiment, a total number of 24 clay nanocomposites were tested (4 different sizes with 6 different surface treatments).…”

Section: Materials Testedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are There Generalizable Trends in the Release of Airborne Synthetic Clay Nanoparticles from a Jet Milling Process?

Faghihi

Martin

Clifford

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Despite recent efforts to assess the release of nanoparticles to the workplace during different nanotechnology activities, the existence of a generalizable trend in the particle release has yet to be identified. This study aimed to characterize the release of synthetic clay nanoparticles from a laboratory-based jet milling process by quantifying the variations arising from primary particle size and surface treatment of the material used, as well as the feed rate of the machine. A broad range of materials were used in this study, and the emitted particles mass (PM 2.5 ) and number concentrations (PNC) were measured at the release source. Analysis of variance, followed by linear mixed-effects modeling, was applied to quantify the variations in PM 2.5 and PNC of the released particles caused by the abovementioned factors. The results confirmed that using materials of different primary sizes and surface treatment affects the release of the particles from the same process by causing statistically-significant variations in PM 2.5 and PNC. The interaction of these two factors should also be taken into account as it resulted in variations in the measured particles release properties. Furthermore, the feed rate of the milling machine was confirmed to be another influencing parameter. Although this research does not identify a specific pattern in the release of synthetic clay nanoparticles from the jet milling process this is generalizable to other similar settings, it emphasizes that each tested case should be handled individually in terms of exposure considerations.

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Section: Materials Testedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are There Generalizable Trends in the Release of Airborne Synthetic Clay Nanoparticles from a Jet Milling Process?

Faghihi

Martin

Clifford

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…[126] used the surfactants alkyl phosphonium (Table 13.5 , row l), alkyl pyridinium (Table 13.5 , row f) and dialkyl imidazolium (Table 13.5 , row e) as intercalating agents for the preparation of highly thermally stable organophilic MMTs, and compared these to commercial Cloisite 20A (Table 13.5 , row i) from the point of view of thermal stability. Although the thermal stability of the former materials was improved with respect to the latter, a mass spectrometric analysis of the volatile products showed the evolution of chloromethane from Cloisite 20A above 200 ° C, of pyridine from pyridinium -MMT above 250 ° C, and of tributyl phosphine and/or tributyl phosphine oxide from phosphonium -MMT above 250 ° C. Based on the toxicity of volatile products, the use of imidazolium or phosphonium derivatives proved unsatisfactory.…”

Section: Intercalation In the Meltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocomposites Based on Phyllosilicates: From Petrochemicals to Renewable Thermoplastic Matrices

Coltelli

Coiai

Bronco

et al. 2009

Advanced Nanomaterials

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13 IntroductionPolymer -phyllosilicate nanocomposites, which are characterized by the presence of fi llers that are less than 100 nm in at least one dimension, have been the subject of many reviews and reports during the past decade [1, 2] . The excellent balance between performance and fi ller content (2 -5% by weight of phyllosilicates is suffi cient to provide clear improvements in properties) makes these composites especially interesting as innovative materials for a variety of applications. Such improvements, which include high moduli, increased strength and heat resistance, and decreased gas permeability and fl ammability, can be ascribed to a fundamental feature of polymer nanocomposites, namely that the small size of the fi llers leads to a dramatic increase in interfacial area when compared to traditional composites [3] .Many studies have been initiated by considering conventional petrochemicalderived polymer matrices, such as polyolefi ns, polyamides, and polyesters. Typically, the preparation methods underwent intense examination, the aim being to correlate the structure and morphology of these new nanostructured materials with their ultimate properties.Today, the development of renewable polymeric materials with excellent properties forms the subject of active research interest worldwide [4] , with aliphatic polyesters being among the most promising materials for the production of high -performance, environment -friendly, biodegradable plastics [5] . The need to optimize their properties, in order that in time they can replace present -day commodities, requires the assessment of new, selective, effi cient, and sustainable preparation methods. Hence, a comparative review of the preparation methods for both commodities and renewable polyester -based materials should allow comparisons to be made of these two classes of material in terms of their potential and future opportunities.

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“…One particular class of materials that has gained an increasing popularity in industrial use due to its superior physical properties compared to the natural clays is the synthetic clays (Stoeffler et al, 2008). Nevertheless, only a handful of studies have been conducted on the emission of nanoparticles from these materials during different activities, or on the physio-chemical characterization of such particles (Suh et al, 2009;Sachse et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What are the Driving Factors Influencing the Size Distribution of Airborne Synthetic Clay Particles Emitted from a Jet Milling Process?

Faghihi

Martin

Salimi

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In the field of workplace air quality, measuring and analyzing the size distribution of airborne particles to identify their sources and apportion their contribution has become widely accepted, however, the driving factors that influence this parameter, particularly for nanoparticles (< 100 nm), have not been thoroughly determined. Identification of driving factors, and in turn, general trends in size distribution of emitted particles would facilitate the prediction of nanoparticles' emission behavior and significantly contribute to their exposure assessment. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the particle number size distribution data, with a particular focus on the ultrafine size range of synthetic clay particles emitted from a jet milling machine was conducted using the multi-lognormal fitting method. The results showed relatively high contribution of nanoparticles to the emissions in many of the tested cases, and also, that both surface treatment and feed rate of the machine are significant factors influencing the size distribution of the emitted particles of this size. In particular, applying surface treatments and increasing the machine feed rate have the similar effect of reducing the size of the particles, however, no general trend was found in variations of size distribution across different surface treatments and feed rates. The findings of our study demonstrate that for this process and other activities, where no general trend is found in the size distribution of the emitted airborne particles due to dissimilar effects of the driving factors, each case must be treated separately in terms of workplace exposure assessment and regulations.

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Thermal decomposition of various alkyl onium organoclays: Effect on polyethylene terephthalate nanocomposites' properties

Cited by 73 publications

References 23 publications

Are There Generalizable Trends in the Release of Airborne Synthetic Clay Nanoparticles from a Jet Milling Process?

Are There Generalizable Trends in the Release of Airborne Synthetic Clay Nanoparticles from a Jet Milling Process?

Nanocomposites Based on Phyllosilicates: From Petrochemicals to Renewable Thermoplastic Matrices

What are the Driving Factors Influencing the Size Distribution of Airborne Synthetic Clay Particles Emitted from a Jet Milling Process?

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