Thermal decomposition of phenol formaldehyde resins modified with cyanuric acid

Alaminov, H.; Andonova, N.

doi:10.1002/app.1970.070140418

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(1 reference statement)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…to the characterization of fibers and polymers were reviewed (51 references) by Rangarajan and Francis [24]. There were some earlier interesting studies too [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and also works of and Alaminov et al [42]. TG work was done by Alaminov et al on the degradation of phenol HCHO resins modified with cyanuric acid, while Learmonth et al [37] studied the flammability of plastics especially relation between pyrolysis and burning.…”

Section: Fig 1 Curing Study Of a Commercial Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

DTA and DSC studies on polymers containing fire retardants

Bhatnagar¹,

Vergnaud²

1983

Journal of Thermal Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This publication surveys the results obtained by means of thermal analysis particularly with DTA and DSC methods in the field of synthetic and natural polymers treated with various flame retardant additives.The 167 references citated cover the most important territories of the up to date problems.For several years, differential thermal analysis (DTA and DSC) have been widely used as a screening test and for quality control purposes. The most convenient method for studying polymer oxidation by DTA or DSC is to use the instrument in isothermal mode. Typically, thermal equilibrium is established with nitrogen flowing over the sample and the gas is then changed to oxygen or air.In the instruments, a Perkin-Elmer model DSC-2 Calorimeter and SETARAM-DSC III are well known. The capability of the DSC III for doing a gas sweeping of the sample allows the study of solid-gas reactions. The quantitative measurements obtained with different gases are reproducible and can be compared because the sensitivity of the calorimeter is not modified by the nature and the flow-rate of the gas.In the Perkin-Elmer Model DSC-2, the sample weighing between 1 and 20 mg is placed in an open pan in the DSC head, the sample cup closed with a perforated cover and the head closed. At this stage, Billingham et al, found that the temperature was 320 K and an oxygen flow of 30 ml min-1 was maintained in the head. The sample was heated to the required temperature at 320 K min-1 and the recorder and data logger started at the point where thermal equilibrium was indicated. There was a small thermal lag involved due to the sample melting, but this took less than 1 minute and they found this method easier than attempting to change the flowing gas, because of the long gas flow path of the DSC head.

show abstract

Section: Fig 1 Curing Study Of a Commercial Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

DTA and DSC studies on polymers containing fire retardants

Bhatnagar¹,

Vergnaud²

1983

Journal of Thermal Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Alaminov and Andonova [20] investigated the thermal degradation of both phenolic resins and resins modified with cyanuric acid using DTA and TG techniques. In the modified resin a considerably lower weight change was foundup to 330 ~ than in the original resin.…”

Section: Thermal Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal analysis of thermosetting resins

Erä

Mattila

1976

Journal of Thermal Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Applications of thermoanalytical methods for the study of resinification, curing and thermal degradation of phenolic and epoxy resins are reviewed. The curing properties of PF resins and various epoxy systems~ determined by thermal methods~ are illustrated.Phenolic and epoxy resins are the most common thermosets utilized by the plastics-processing industry. In the cured state they are infusible, insoluble, covalently-cross-linked, thermally stable network polymer structures. The formation of this network structure is responsible for the desirable physical properties which are typical of thermosetting resins over a broad temperature range.Owing to their intractable nature, the thermosetting resins are difficult to study by chemical means. Numerous investigations have shown that thermoanalytical techniques offer valuable tools for the study of the formation, the curing characteristics and the thermal degradation of these resins.The purpose of this paper is to survey the thermoanalytical methods such as differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) and thermomechanical methods, which have been successfully applied to the elucidation of the thermal characteristics of phenolic and epoxy resins. Phenol-formaldehyde resinsWhen phenol reacts with formaldehyde four major reactions occur: a) addition to give methylol phenols; b) condensation of a methylol phenol and a phenol to give a methylene bridge; c) condensation of two methylol groups to give an ether bridge; d) decomposition of ether bridges to methylene bridges and formaldehyde.The reaction is catalyzed by acids or by bases to give novolacs or resols respectively. The nature of the product is dependent on the type of catalyst and the molar ratio of the reactants. Addition and condensation are exothermic reactions, and therefore thermoanalytical methods are particularly suited for elucidation

show abstract

“…Besides that, drawbacks of traditional phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin, such as high brittleness, insufficient thermostability and plenty of free phenol and formaldehyde [ 3 , 4 ], have meant that GF/PF composites cannot be used in aerospace, transportation, interior and other fields, where the performance of materials needed to be upgraded. In order to extend the application range of GF/PF composites, the study of modifying PF resin has increased dramatically during last few years [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites Based on Bio-Oil Phenol Formaldehyde Resin

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of renewable biomass was added by the mass of phenol to synthesize bio-oil phenol formaldehyde (BPF) resins, which were used to fabricate glass fiber (GF) reinforced BPF resin (GF/BPF) composites. The properties of the BPF resin and the GF/BPF composites prepared were tested. The functional groups and thermal property of BPF resin were thoroughly investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA). Results indicated that the addition of 20% bio-oil exhibited favorable adaptability for enhancing the stiffness and heat resistance of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin. Besides, high-performance GF/BPF composites could be successfully prepared with the BPF resin based on hand lay-up process. The interface characteristics of GF/BPF composites were determined by the analysis of dynamic wettability (DW) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It exhibited that GF could be well wetted and embedded in the BPF resin with the bio-oil addition of 20%.

show abstract

Thermal decomposition of phenol formaldehyde resins modified with cyanuric acid

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

DTA and DSC studies on polymers containing fire retardants

DTA and DSC studies on polymers containing fire retardants

Thermal analysis of thermosetting resins

Fabrication of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites Based on Bio-Oil Phenol Formaldehyde Resin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About