Thermal Decomposition of n-Pentane

Morgan, Jerome J.; Munday, John C.

doi:10.1021/ie50309a028

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A patent issued to Osborne and Cornelison (8) was based upon the extraction of zein from crude corn gluten by adding to a water suspension of this gluten "enough caustic soda or caustic potash to impart to the mixture a decided alkaline reaction with phenolphthalein." Cohn, Berggren, and Hendry (6) found that zein will not readily dissolve in aqueous ammonia, and that a pH of 10 or higher must be reached before solution occurs in alkali. Smith, Max, and Handler (9), during studies on the dispersion of proteins in formaldehyde, found that maximum dispersion of zein in alkali was obtained at a pH of approximately 12.6, and that the addition of formaldehyde shifted the point of maximum dispersion to a pH of approximately 10.7.…”

Section: Kinetics and Reaction Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of 2-Pentene and Trimethylethyllene

Hepp¹,

Frey²

1949

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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Section: Kinetics and Reaction Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of 2-Pentene and Trimethylethyllene

Hepp¹,

Frey²

1949

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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“…It reasonably assumes that the saturated decomposition products obtained from normal paraffins retain the linear structure and that the unsaturated products are 1-alkenes. Frey and Hepp (15) found only olefins with double bonds at the point of scission of smaller products from the initial paraffin, and the butene obtained by thermal decomposition of n-pentane has been identified (15,31) as 1-butene. In view of the interconversion of 1-and 2-butene (21) and of 1-and 2-pentene (22) during partial decomposition, it appeared possible that other than 1-alkenes would result from pyrolysis of n-octane.…”

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confidence: 99%

Thermal Decomposition of n-Octane

Marschner¹

1938

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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Because of the lack of complete and accurate thermal decomposition data upon normal paraffins between hexane and hexadecane, the behavior of n-octane in the neighborhood of 570" C. and at atmospheric pressure was studied. The noctane was isolated from petroleum in quantities large enough to permit the determination of the amounts of essentially all its pyrolysis products. The effect of temperature, extent of decomposition, and nature of the apparatus in which pyrolysis was effected were studied. A slight revision of the free-radical theory improves somewhat its agreement with the experimental data. The effect of a carbonized surface upon the pyrolysis was studied, and the bearing of these results upon the theory of thermal decomposition is discussed. The liquid products obtained were thoroughly examined for evidences of rearrangement of olefins and of isomerization of the carbon skeleton. A semiquantitative analysis of all the chemical individuals found among the liquid hydrocarbons is presented. The probable manner in which they were produced, as indicated by the evidence available, is outlined. M ANY thorough researches upon the thermal decomposition of alkanes a t atmospheric pressure have been published recently, but nearly all of this work has been carried out upon the relatively simple gaseous members of the series. A certain amount of attention has been given to much larger alkanes. Hexadecane was extensively studied by Gault (1 7) and an approximately thirty-carbon paraffin by Waterman (50). However, because of the large number of gaseous and particularly of liquid products which result, complete and accurate analyses of all products have not been obtained as in the case of the small homologs. With the notable exception of the investigations of Frey and Hepp (15), little work has been done upon the pyrolysis of alkanes of intermediate carbon content. This is somewhat surprising, since efficient columns for the fractionation of gases (36) and liquids (IS), permitting analysis of the complex mixtures resulting from the decomposition of relatively small amounts of hydrocarbon, have been available for several years. To bridge this gap, the present work was undertaken; the compound chosen was n-octane.Several workers have reported preliminary studies upon n-octane pyrolysis; their results are condensed in Table I.The data are of little value because of the few accurate determinations of time and extent of decomposition. Such gas analyses as are reported show little concordance. Moldavskir (SO) observed that pressure exerted a marked influence on the pyrolysis and that iron exhibited a catalytic effect. Hugel and Szayna (19) obtained evidence of splitting at all carbon-to-carbon linkages of the molecule in nickel and iron apparatus. Decomposition in the presence of added catalysts has also been reported (IO, 28, 99, 35, 64). Much more thorough work by Dintzes and associates (6-8) coincided with the present study; similar experimental conditions were employed, with the single exception that decomposition was car...

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“…To facilitate visualization of the data, only the 8 highest performing fluids are presented here (including isopentane and R245fa, two widely used fluids in ORCs). For some fluids, equations of state in the REFPROP [34] property data base were extrapolated beyond their specified limits to enable a one to one comparison for the given HTF temperature, however, operating temperatures considered are well below the fluid thermal stability temperatures as suggested by Morgan and Munday [35], Angelino and Invernizzi [36], Hidaka et al [37], Moon et al [38] and Ito et al [39]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-economic evaluation of ORCs for various working fluids

Garg

Orosz

Kumar

2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

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a b s t r a c tAn inclusive component-level technical and economic assessment procedure for the general design and operating strategy of Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) for use across major application categories (waste heat recovery, solar thermal, geothermal) and sub-MW scales can be an important tool for leveraging the cost-effective deployment of low and medium temperature power cycles. Previous analyses and design approaches tended to focus on thermodynamic efficiency rather than financial performance. To bridge this gap, a general thermo-economic optimization of sub 500 kWe ORCs is developed using a 7-dimensional design space with minimum investment cost per unit of nameplate electricity production as an objective function. Parameters used include working fluid, heat source temperature, pinch in condenser, boiler (HEX) and regenerator, expander inlet pressure and air cooled condenser area. Optimized power block configurations are presented for the application of ORCs with waste or ''free" heat sources and solar heat input for power scales of 5, 50 and 500 kWe to facilitate rapid selection of design parameters across a wide range of thermal regimes. While R152a yields the lowest cost ORCs in the case of the former, isopentane is found to be more cost effective in the latter case for heat source temperatures between 125 and 275°C.

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Thermal Decomposition of n-Pentane

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Pyrolysis of 2-Pentene and Trimethylethyllene

Pyrolysis of 2-Pentene and Trimethylethyllene

Thermal Decomposition of n-Octane

Thermo-economic evaluation of ORCs for various working fluids

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