Thermal decomposition of energetic materials 58. Chemistry of ammonium nitrate and ammonium dinitramide near the burning surface temperature

Brill, T. B.; Brush, Peter; Patil, D.G.

doi:10.1016/0010-2180(93)90206-i

Cited by 162 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The extensive literature on the decomposition of AN reveals a surprising variety of representations of the chemistry involved [4][5][6][7]18], with differences between the condensed and molten phases, and showing evidence of autocatalysis in the molten phase; common to virtually all is the phenomenon of competitive processes feeding on the same initial AN resource. Importantly, some are exothermic and some endothermic.…”

Section: Modelling Approach and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In reality, beyond a temperature threshold, the overall decomposition process is exothermic. Here, in the interests of simplicity, we follow Brill et al [4] in assuming just two concurrent competing processes, one endothermic…”

Section: Modelling Approach and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decomposition/dissociation processes constituting the initial 'burning' of AN, either by itself or in various compounds and mixtures, have been widely studied experimentally and modelled, both numerically and, to a lesser extent, analytically [4][5][6][7]. Despite its importance, the kinetics of AN decomposition has defied consistent experimental evaluation in terms of a single one-step Arrhenius representation.…”

Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Initiation and propagation of combustion waves with competitive reactions and water evaporation

2013

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We use a one-dimensional model to present numerical and analytical results on the propagation of combustion waves, driven by competing exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions in parallel with water evaporation. The research was motivated by the phenomenology of emulsion explosives comprising a mixture of fuel and an ammonium nitrate (AN)-water solution. An extensive programme of computational modelling has covered a range of important physical influences, particularly the water fraction and the ambient pressure, on which the endothermic effect of evaporation is critically dependent. A substantial, and not immediately obvious, influence of the evaporation, through its effect on the temperature, is on the fraction of the AN consumed, respectively, by the competing exo-and endothermic reactions, which are controlled by differing, temperature-sensitive kinetics. Self-sustaining travelling combustion waves are initiated for a wide range of parameter values. They are usually oscillatory, regular for small water content and become highly irregular, sometimes causing extinction for larger water content. The numerics are complemented by a brief theoretical analysis, which throws light on the complex and subtle interplay of the two chemical reactions and the evaporation, expressed in the form of a highly convoluted integral over the whole time and space extent of the process.

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Section: Modelling Approach and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelling Approach and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Initiation and propagation of combustion waves with competitive reactions and water evaporation

2013

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“…[47] N 2ðgÞ þ3H 2 Ammonia production using renewable intermittent energy is technically feasible with current technologies. [48,49] Moreover,v arious ammonia-derived nitrogen-based fuels have been previously suggested, such as:A Na nd AN-based compositions, [50][51][52][53][54][55][56] aqueous hydroxylammonium nitrate, [57,58] ammonium dinitramide, [59][60][61][62] and aqueous AN with ammonium hydroxide or urea. [14] While the methanol economy addresses both the energy and the broad chemical sectors, [63,64] …”

Section: The Nitrogen Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen‐Based Fuels: A Power‐to‐Fuel‐to‐Power Analysis

Dana

Elishav

Bardow³

et al. 2016

Angew Chem Int Ed

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“…The NO 2 − /NO 3 − ratio decreased to 0.37 after 7 days, indicating that NO 2 − might have been photo-oxidized to NO 3 − . 19 In an earlier study involving photolysis of the nitramine RDX, (NO 2 −NCH 2 ) 3 ,we found that NO 2 − formed from the photocleavage of N−NO 2 can be photooxidized to NO 3 − . 20 Earlier, Mill et al 13 investigated the hydrolytic stability of ammonium dinitramide in water and found the salt to be stable in the dark at 25°C.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Joint Photomicrobial Process for the Degradation of the Insensitive Munition N-Guanylurea-dinitramide (FOX-12)

Perreault

Halasz

Thiboutot

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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/npsi/ctrl?lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?lang=fr Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es4006652Environmental Science & Technology, 47, 10, pp. 5193-5198, 2013-04-17 Joint photomicrobial process for the degradation of the insensitive munition N-Guanylurea-dinitramide (FOX-12) Perreault, Nancy N.; Halasz, Annamaria; Thiboutot, Sonia; Ampleman, Guy; Hawari, Jalal ABSTRACT: N-Guanylurea-dinitramide (FOX-12) is a very insensitive energetic material intended to be used in the composition of next-generation insensitive munitions. To help predict the environmental behavior and fate of FOX-12, we conducted a study to determine its photodegradability and biodegradability. When dissolved in water, FOX-12, a guanylurea-dinitramide salt, also named GUDN, dissociated instantly to produce the dinitramide moiety and guanylurea, as demonstrated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.When an aqueous solution of FOX-12 was subjected to photolysis using a solarsimulated photoreactor, we found a rapid removal of the dinitramide with concurrent formation of N 2 O, NO 2 − ,a n dN O 3 − . The second component, guanylurea, was photostable. However, when FOX-12 was incubated aerobically with the soil isolate Variovorax strain VC1 and protected from light, the dinitramide component of FOX-12 was recalcitrant but guanylurea degraded effectively to ammonia, guanidine, and presumably CO 2 . When FOX-12 was incubated with strain VC1 in the presence of light, both components of FOX-12 degraded, giving similar products to those described above. We concluded that the new insensitive explosive FOX-12 can be effectively degraded by a joint photomicrobial process and, therefore, should not cause persistent contamination of surface waters.

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Thermal decomposition of energetic materials 58. Chemistry of ammonium nitrate and ammonium dinitramide near the burning surface temperature

Cited by 162 publications

References 17 publications

Initiation and propagation of combustion waves with competitive reactions and water evaporation

Initiation and propagation of combustion waves with competitive reactions and water evaporation

Nitrogen‐Based Fuels: A Power‐to‐Fuel‐to‐Power Analysis

Joint Photomicrobial Process for the Degradation of the Insensitive Munition N-Guanylurea-dinitramide (FOX-12)

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