Thermal Decomposition Kinetics and Compatibility of 3,5-difluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (DFTNAN)

Abstract

In this paper, the thermal decomposition behavior of 3,5-difluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (DFTNAN) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) by using different heating rates (2, 5, 10, 15 °C·min−1). Subsequently, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of non-isothermal thermal decomposition of DFTNAN were calculated. The critical temperature of thermal explosion (Tb) and self-accelerating decomposition temperature (TASDT) were determined to be 249.03 °C and 226.33 °C, respectively. The compatibility of DFTNAN with a number of high explosives (cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine (RDX), 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaaza-tetracyclo-[5.5.0.05,9.03,11]-dodecane (CL-20) and dihydroxylammonium 5,5’-bistetrazole-1,1’-diolate (TKX-50)) was studied at different mass ratios using DSC. The criteria to judge the compatibility between the materials were based on a standardization agreement (STANAG 4147). The thermodynamic study results revealed that DFTNAN possessed superior thermal safety and stability. The experimental of compatibility results indicated that the mass ratios of the high explosives in the DFTNAN/RDX, DFTNAN/HMX and DFTNAN/CL-20 compositions more than 40%, 60% and 70% exhibited good compatibility, whereas DFTNAN/TKX-50 demonstrated poor compatibility.

Probing the Reaction Mechanisms of 3,5-Difluoro-2,4,6-Trinitroanisole (DFTNAN) through a Comparative Study with Trinitroanisole (TNAN)

“…An endothermic peak can be observed at 82 °C on a DSC curve of DFTNAN without mass loss. This endothermic peak is ascribed to the melting process of DFTNAN, which is consistent with previous research [ 15 ]. The mass loss of DFTNAN appears from 217 to 285 °C on the TG curve; however, the decomposition starts from 278 °C ( T onset ) with an apparent exothermic peak at 282 °C ( T peak ).…”

An Overview on Synthesis, Explosion, Catalysis, Modification, and Application of Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-Bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50)

“…PBX explosives are a class of mixed explosive with one or more single compound explosives as the main component and one or more polymers as the binder as the secondary component. TKX-50 is used as the main explosive due to the good explosive performance and good stability, while the choice of polymer binders is diversified. − …”

Advanced Fitting Method for the Kinetic Analysis of Thermogravimetric Data

“…In most fitting methods, a dependence is initially specified. In model-free isoconversion methods, the pre-exponential of the Arrhenius function is determined using a given reaction mechanism and an obtained apparent activation energy value [ 6 , 19 ].…”