Thermal Decomposition Behavior and Thermal Safety of Nitrocellulose with Different Shape CuO and Al/CuO Nanothermites

Yao, Ergang; Zhao, Ningning; Zhao, Qin; Ma, Hua; Li, Haijian; Xu, Sheng; An, Ting; Jiang, Yi; Zhao, Fengqi

doi:10.3390/nano10040725

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Within their application as ballistic modifiers in DBPs, nano‐Al/CuO, nano‐Al/PbO and nano‐al/Bi 2 O 3 and their binary combinations have been studied by Zhao et al. [59, 61, 64, 65]. The unique dominance of nano‐Al/PbO as a burn‐rate catalyst over nano‐Al/CuO and nano‐Al/Bi 2 O 3 is again observed, with increased super‐rate burning at low pressures observed.…”

Section: Current Trends Towards Ballistic Modifiers In Double Base Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanothermites are an energetic material composed of metal fuel, typically nano-Al, and a nano-metal oxide oxidiser such as CuO, MoO 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , WO 3 , PbO and Bi 2 O 3 [59][60][61][62][63]. Within their application as ballistic modifiers in DBPs, nano-Al/CuO, nano-Al/PbO and nano-al/Bi 2 O 3 and their binary combinations have been studied by Zhao et al [59,61,64,65]. The unique dominance of nano-Al/PbO as a burn-rate catalyst over nano-Al/CuO and nano-Al/Bi 2 O 3 is again observed, with increased super-rate burning at low pressures observed.…”

Section: Current Trends Towards Ballistic Modifiers In Double Base Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of the Catalytic Effects of Lead‐Based Ballistic Modifiers on the Combustion Chemistry of Double Base Propellants

Warren

Zi-Xuan

Pulham

et al. 2020

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Lead-based compounds are the current industrystandard ballistic modifier for double-base propellants, but there is a pressing need for alternatives as incoming European legislation will soon ban their use. This review article introduces the main concepts and terminologies in the combustion chemistry of double-base propellants, and critically evaluates the four theories put forward in the literature to account for the ballistic modifier effect, namely (i) photochemical, (ii) chelating/complex, (iii) carbon soot, and (iv) free radical theories. We also review the literature on current trends in ballistic modifier research and note the emerging potential of oxide nanoparticles (in particular Bi 2 WO 6) and Cu/Bi encapsulated in carbon nanotubes as lead-free ballistic modifier additives.

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Section: Current Trends Towards Ballistic Modifiers In Double Base Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Trends Towards Ballistic Modifiers In Double Base Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Catalytic Effects of Lead‐Based Ballistic Modifiers on the Combustion Chemistry of Double Base Propellants

Warren

Zi-Xuan

Pulham

et al. 2020

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…As a main energy-rich cellulosic material, nitrated cellulose or commonly known as nitrocellulose remains the most extensively employed energetic biopolymer in several defense and civilian industries owing to its inherent properties concerning other high-energy polymers [14][15][16]. Nevertheless, its poor combustion performances, hazardous chemical stability, low density, high friability, and inappropriate mechanical sensitivities have extremely limited its widespread use [17,18]. Therefore, further research investigations need to be conducted to fill current gaps through physical and chemical modifications of pristine cellulosic fibres to pave the way towards the next generation of cellulose-based energetic polymers with advantageous features for advanced insensitive and high-energy dense formulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Esparto Grass Cellulosic Derivatives for the Development of Promising Energetic Azidodeoxy Biopolymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Isoconversional Thermal Kinetic Analysis

Tarchoun

Klapötke

Slimani

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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In the frame of developing new high-energy materials from bioresources, emergent cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose functionalized with explosophoric azides were successfully synthesized from a prominent alternative esparto grass fibres. The designed insensitive nitrogen-rich cellulosic biopolymers, namely, azidodeoxy esparto grass cellulose (AEGC) and azidodeoxy esparto grass microcrystalline cellulose (AEGMCC), displayed outstanding features, such as nitrogen content (w/w) of 18.24-18.68 %, the density of 1.601-1.626 g/cm 3 , and thermal decomposition of 203-218 °C. Their kinetic triplet was also determined under non-isothermal DSC conditions employing isonversional integral approaches. Interestingly, the appa-rent activation energy and the decimal logarithm of a preexponential factor of the developed AEGC and AEGMCC were found to be better than those of the common nitrocellulose. In addition, the reaction model examination based on Trache-Abdelaziz-Siwani (TAS) approach revealed that the produced AEGC and AEGMCC were accurately presented by an autocatalytic Avrami-Erofeev decomposition process. These results established that esparto grass fibres could be considered as a valuable alternative feedstock for the synthesis of outstanding energetic cellulose-rich polymers for potential applications in solid propellant formulations.

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“…The first mechanism states that condensed phase reactions may occur by the diffusion of oxygen through solid and molten phases of Al and CuO across their shared interfaces [27][28][29], prior to full CuO decomposition. Considering this mechanism, dominant in fully-dense composites, the initiation temperature is reduced (670 K) compared to powdered thermites (~850 K) [30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First-principles investigation of CuO decomposition and its transformation into Cu2O

Jabraoui

Rouhani

Rossi

et al. 2022

Phys. Rev. Materials

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This paper reports on the mechanisms of CuO decomposition and its associated phase transformation into Cu2O, as a fundamental step of thermite materials reaction, where CuO serves as the oxidizer. Frenkel pair defects in perfect bulk CuO show extremely high formation energy (>4 eV) indicating that its decomposition initiates at defects/interfaces/surfaces, the latter being sensitive to surface orientation. In contrast to a variety of CuO surfaces ((111), ( 110), (101 ̅ )) exhibiting three-fold coordinated oxygen atoms, results show that oxygen vacancy formation requires higher disordered surfaces, such as the CuO(001), on which the vacancy formation activation energy is reduced to 1.31 eV. This leads to the exothermic formation of a chemisorbed O-O peroxy-bridge complex at the surface (-1.25 eV adsorption), that thermodynamically moderates the backreaction (vacancy annihilation). Further desorption of molecular oxygen necessitates an activation of 1.53 eV, compatible with CuO decomposition observed experimentally at 600 K (~second process duration). As a driving mechanism of oxygen release upon decomposition, migrations of the vacancy close to the surface and towards the bulk are determined for a number of crystalline directions and surface orientations and

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Thermal Decomposition Behavior and Thermal Safety of Nitrocellulose with Different Shape CuO and Al/CuO Nanothermites

Cited by 33 publications

References 42 publications

A Review of the Catalytic Effects of Lead‐Based Ballistic Modifiers on the Combustion Chemistry of Double Base Propellants

A Review of the Catalytic Effects of Lead‐Based Ballistic Modifiers on the Combustion Chemistry of Double Base Propellants

Valorization of Esparto Grass Cellulosic Derivatives for the Development of Promising Energetic Azidodeoxy Biopolymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Isoconversional Thermal Kinetic Analysis

First-principles investigation of CuO decomposition and its transformation into Cu2O

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