Thermal decay of carbonate dimension stones: fabric, physical and mechanical changes

Andriani, Gioacchino Francesco; Germinario, Luigi

doi:10.1007/s12665-014-3160-6

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…For all above, we associate the documented explosive phenomenon to SO2 production rather than oxidation of organic matter for the next reasons: (i) oxidation of pyrites evolves in a narrower temperature range than organic matter; and (ii) the peak release of SO2 occurs at lower temperatures (above 460º C) than organic matter (above 520º C). Moreover, explosive behaviour similar to that described in this work are not described in the existing scientific literature on the thermal effects on carbonate rocks containing organic matter (Yavuz et al 2010;Andriani and Germinario 2014;González-Gómez et al 2015). Consequently, thermal oxidation of pyrites has a greater contribution in the explosive phenomenon than organic matter oxidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…bulk density, P-wave velocity, and effective porosity) above 400ºC. A clear reduction in uniaxial compression strength (UCS) from 500ºC, and a tendency to redden when heating, were described for calcareous and dolomitic rocks from Apulia in Italy (Andriani and Germinario 2014). Temperatures above 600ºC usually mark a dramatic decline in UCS (Sengun 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature-Induced Explosive Behaviour and Thermo-Chemical Damage on Pyrite-Bearing Limestones: Causes and Mechanisms

et al. 2020

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In this investigation, two different varieties of 'Prada' limestones were studied: a dark grey texture, bearing quartz, clay minerals, organic matter and pyrites, and a light grey texture with little or no presence of such components. We have observed two effects of different intensity when heating the dark texture from 400º C: i) the explosion of certain samples and ii) greater thermal damage than in the light grey texture. Chemical and mineralogical composition, texture, microstructure, and physical properties (i.e. colour, open porosity, P and S-wave velocity) have been evaluated at temperatures of 105, 300, 400 and 500º C in order to identify differences between textures. The violence of the explosive events was clear and cannot be confounded with ordinary splitting and cracking on thermally-treated rocks: exploded samples underwent a total loss of integrity, displacing and overturning the surrounding samples, and embedding fragments in the walls of the furnace, whose impacts were clearly heard in the laboratory. Thermogravimetric results allowed the identification of a process of oxidation of pyrites releasing SO 2 from 400º C. This process jointly with the presence of micro-fissures in the 2 dark texture, would cause a dramatic increase in pore-pressure, leading to a rapid growth and coalescence of microcracks that leads to a process of catastrophic decay in rock integrity. In addition to the explosive events, average ultrasound velocities and open porosity showed a greater variation in the dark grey texture from 400º C. That results also points towards a significant contribution of oxidation of pyrites on the thermochemical damage of the rock, among other factors such as the pre-existence of microfissuresand the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between minerals. Implications in underground infrastructure and mining engineering works are critical, as the explosive potential of pyrite-bearing limestones bear risk for mass fracturing and dramatic strength decay from 400º C. Moreover, SO 2 released has harmful effects on health of people and the potential to form acid compounds that corrode materials, shortening their durability and increasing maintenance costs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-Induced Explosive Behaviour and Thermo-Chemical Damage on Pyrite-Bearing Limestones: Causes and Mechanisms

et al. 2020

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“…Previous researches (Andriani and Germinario 2014;Shushakova et al 2011;Siegesmund et al 2008;Grelk et al 2007;Å kesson et al 2006;Cantisani et al 2000;Molli et al 2000; Barsotelli et al 1998) have shown a correlation between the microstructure and the potential for rapid deterioration. A complex microstructure is favoured, and the so-called adjacent grain analysis (AGA) is one type of quantitative measure of the microstructural complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Assessment of the European Standard for the determination of resistance of marble to thermal and moisture cycles: recommendations for improvements

Castelletto

Schouenborg²,

Marini

2016

Environ Earth Sci

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The bowing phenomenon is so relevant that two projects, EU funded, from 1999 studied it and a European Standard to assess the resistance to thermal and moisture cycles (influencing bowing) has been recently adopted. In particular, according EN 16306: 2013, measurements of bowing and flexural strength should be performed before and at the end of the ageing cycles. Additional non-destructive tests are recommended, but are not compulsory for the standard. Moreover, Annex A of EN 16306 contains guidance on the limit values for the selection of marble types suitable for outdoor uses, especially façade applications. Eleven varieties of marble have been tested by means of this laboratory ageing test. Non-destructive tests such as the measurements of ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), adjacent grains analysis, open porosity, and water absorption have been executed together with the conventional flexural strength test. The results obtained from image analysis on thin sections indicate that the AGA index may not always be correlated with the other tests: amount of bowing, loss of flexural strength, or loss of UPV. Some consideration of the decrease in mechanical resistance and the bowing in relation to the variety of marble tested and the limit values indicated in Annex A of EN 16306 can be noted. It is known that bowing and rapid strength loss occur in some varieties of marble when used as exterior cladding and other exterior applications. Additional conclusions have been drawn: bowing and flexural strength correlate well and can be used to assess the suitability of the marble to be employed in outdoors.

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“…This equation was adopted because it was considered the most suitable for carbonate rocks according to Andriani and Germinario (2014).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratigraphy, petrophysical characterization and 3D geological modelling of the historical quarry of Nueva Tabarca island (western Mediterranean): Implications on heritage conservation

Martı́nez-Martı́nez

Corbí

Martı́n-Rojas

et al. 2017

Engineering Geology

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The historical quarry of the Nueva Tabarca fortress (Mediterranean Sea, SE of Spain) was developed in a complex sedimentary Miocene deposit. Five lithostratigraphic units have been defined, including different lithologies such as breccias and microconglomerates (Unit 1), massive and laminated lithoarenites (Units 1, 3 and 5), calcarenites and biocalcirudites (Units 2 and 4). A complete stratigraphic description of this sequence has been carried out, as well as the petrophysical characterization of the most significant lithologies including the analysis of rock durability as well as hydraulic and mechanical properties. Regarding durability, the softest rocks correspond to those from the Unit 4, whilst samples from Units 2 and 5 are the most durable. Three weathering patterns were observed during the artificial ageing test according to both the velocity and intensity of the sample decay. Each pattern is explained according to water-circulation possibility through the rock, its porous system, and the mechanical strength. Rock weathering in monuments of Nueva Tabarca is quantified and discussed according to the results found in the laboratory. Several decay forms are observed in the building stones (mainly differential erosion, alveolization, and rounding forms). Both 3D photogrammetric and 3D geological model of the historical quarry were elaborated in order to quantify the extracted volume of building stones, differentiating the specific quarried percentage of each lithology. Correlation between the results obtained in the volumetric analysis of the historical quarry and the building stones used in the monuments has been carried out. 3D models were also used for determining the remaining rock volume in the current outcrops. Finally, a set of recommendations for future conservation works of the architectural heritage are proposed after the current availability of the different rock varieties and their petrophysical behaviour.

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Thermal decay of carbonate dimension stones: fabric, physical and mechanical changes

Cited by 32 publications

References 39 publications

Temperature-Induced Explosive Behaviour and Thermo-Chemical Damage on Pyrite-Bearing Limestones: Causes and Mechanisms

Temperature-Induced Explosive Behaviour and Thermo-Chemical Damage on Pyrite-Bearing Limestones: Causes and Mechanisms

Assessment of the European Standard for the determination of resistance of marble to thermal and moisture cycles: recommendations for improvements

Stratigraphy, petrophysical characterization and 3D geological modelling of the historical quarry of Nueva Tabarca island (western Mediterranean): Implications on heritage conservation

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