Thermal CVD growth of graphene on copper particles targeting tungsten-copper composites with superior wear and arc ablation resistance properties

Graphene and its derivative reinforced tungsten–copper composites for electrical contact applications: A review

“…Gr has a very low density and remarkable properties. 41,42 Single-layer Gr exhibits an ultra-high elastic modulus, high fracture strength, high flexibility, and excellent thermal and electrical conductivities (Table 1). [43][44][45][46] Therefore, graphene attracted remarkable interest in numerous scientific fields based on its special 2D structure and outstanding physical, mechanical, and functional properties.…”

“…[43][44][45][46] Therefore, graphene attracted remarkable interest in numerous scientific fields based on its special 2D structure and outstanding physical, mechanical, and functional properties. [41][42][43][44][45][46] Nevertheless, the main issues specified in numerous literature reports consist of poor dispersion and low wettability among Gr and the metal matrix. 25,43,46 Moreover, the main distribution model of Gr into the metal matrix is horizontally, obliquely, and vertically that can affect the efficiency of the load transfer.…”

“…Moreover, in certain amounts, Gr could react with W to generate intermetallic phases (i.e., WC, W 2 C) that could diminish the positive outcomes of graphene by decreasing the conductivities of Gr reinforced W-Cu composites even the mechanical behavior is improved.54 Anyway, there are relatively a few studies related to Gr reinforced W-Cu MCs for use in electrical contact applications. 25,41,[54][55][56][57] Gr or its derivative reinforced and unreinforced W-Cu composite materials can be prepared efficiently by several methods, 25,41,[54][55][56][57] but the nature and characteristics (i.e., purity, shape and size of particles) of the starting materials, selected composition, PM techniques employed to consolidate the composite powders, and processing parameters have an important role on the characteristics and functional performance of the PM consolidated composites. 1,2 Gr or its derivative reinforced and unreinforced W-Cu powders are mainly analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.…”

“…1,2 Gr or its derivative reinforced and unreinforced W-Cu powders are mainly analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 25,41,[54][55][56][57] Gr or its derivative reinforced W-Cu composites manufactured by PM techniques are advanced materials developed at present on a laboratory scale. 25,41,[54][55][56][57] Gr or its derivative reinforced and unreinforced composites are in general investigated in respect of microstructure, chemical, and structural properties using optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, EDS, and XRD analyses.…”

“…25,41,[54][55][56][57] Gr or its derivative reinforced W-Cu composites manufactured by PM techniques are advanced materials developed at present on a laboratory scale. 25,41,[54][55][56][57] Gr or its derivative reinforced and unreinforced composites are in general investigated in respect of microstructure, chemical, and structural properties using optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, EDS, and XRD analyses. 41,[54][55][56][57] Density measurements are performed by Archimedes' method, while hardness, elastic modulus, and mechanical strength are determined by mechanical tests.…”