Thermal convention and spherical aberration distortion of laser beams in low-loss liquids

Photothermal Spectroscopic Characterization in CdSe/ZnS and CdSe/CdS Quantum Dots: A Review and New Applications

“…The transverse self-phase modulation (Dabby et al, 1970;Du & Liu, 1993;Durbin et al, 1981;Hickmann et al, 1992;Khitrova et al, 1993;Ono & Kawatsuki, 1997;Ono & Saito, 1999;Petrov et al, 1994;Torruellas et al, 1995;Valley et al, 1990;Whinnery et al, 1967;Yang et al, 2005) is also implicate in the emergence of rings in the pattern of transmitted light when  NL >>2. The number of rings N ≈  NL 2 (Durbin et al, 1981;Ono & Saito, 1999), in the case where  NL = TH (Eq.…”

“…The laser-matter interaction modifies the spatial profile of the incident beam so strongly that rings surrounding the central spot of the beam may be observed in the far-field region. The ring structure exhibits circular symmetry when distortion caused by thermal convection is absent or negligible (Dabby et al, 1970;Whinnery et al, 1967). Spatial self-phase modulation (SPM) may be described by Kirchhoff´s diffraction integral, applied to the propagation of a laser beam inside a nonlinear medium (Catunda & Cury, 1990;Pilla et al, 2003).…”

“…In this way, for a nanoparticle to be a candidate for practical applications, it is important to characterize their thermo-optical properties. The present work reports the thermo-optical properties of cadmium selenide/zinc sulfide (CdSe/ZnS) core-shell colloidal solutions measured with two techniques: the well-known Thermal Lens (TL) technique (Baesso et al, 1994;Shen et al, 1992;Snook & Lowe, 1995) and analysis of the laser-excited ring patterns caused by thermally induced self-phase modulation (SPM) effects, an alternative method that is referred to in this work as the thermal spatial self-phase modulation (TSPM) technique (Dabby et al, 1970;Du & Liu, 1993;Durbin et al, 1981;Hickmann et al, 1992;Khitrova et al, 1993;Ono & Kawatsuki, 1997;Ono & Saito, 1999;Torruellas et al, 1995;Valley et al, 1990;Whinnery et al, 1967;Yang et al, 2005). TSPM may be described by Kirchhoff´s diffraction integral (KDI) applied to the propagation of a laser 5 beam in a nonlinear medium (Catunda & Cury, 1990;Pilla et al, 2003).…”

Nonlinear lenses and their applications

“…Т е п л о в ы е н е л и н е й н ы е линзы. При увеличении длительности лазерного воздействия до величин, сравнимых со временем термодиффузии (10 -10 [75][76][77][78]. В этом случае нели нейную добавку показателя преломления можно вы разить через комбинацию интегральных показа тельных функций:…”

Thermal Lensing in Infrared Laser Window Materials

“…Tliese treatments have been restricted to a parabolic dependence of the index of refraction with position, hence, no aberration of the beam occurs. Ringlike interference patterns have been observed, however, and attributed to aberration effects produced by thermal lensing in low-loss liquids (Whinnery et al, 1967).…”