“…These smart nanopores have been prepared by functionalizing the pores with a suitable responsive polymer that creates a switchable membrane permeability in response to variation in temperature [7,8,9,10,11], pH [12,13,14,15,16], ionic/solute concentration [12,17], and light [18,19]. Similarly, polymers that respond to electric fields [20,21] offer an additional triggering mechanism.…”