Thermal conductivity of Li-ion batteries and their electrode configurations – A novel combination of modelling and experimental approach

Werner, Daniel; Loges, André; Becker, Dominic J.; Wetzel, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.07.105

Cited by 61 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The different cases are specified according to the applied external thermal boundary condition, although the internal temperatures deviated from this due to heat generation during operation. Considering the average ohmic resistance of around 14 mΩ at low frequencies (compare with Figure 4b) for the 9 A current, the intensive temperature control via the cells´ surfaces and tabs kept the internal temperature increase smaller than 1 K [21,25]. Figure 2a shows the reference cases with the three base temperatures, which were The temperature was measured using thermocouples type K connected to a NI 9213 thermocouple module (National Instruments Corporation, Austin, TX, USA) with a measurement sensitivity of up to 0.02 • C. For a precise measurement of the absolute temperature value, the thermocouples were calibrated with a linear correction between two reference temperatures against a PT25 resistance thermometer (Anton Paar GmbH, Graz, Austria) that again was calibrated according to ITS-90 (International Temperature Scale of 1990) with measurement uncertainties of <3.6 mK in the temperature range of −40 • C to 156 • C. The thermocouples were placed in the fluid supply and return lines, as well as pressed lengthwise onto the anode tab as close as possible to the electrode stack of one cell in each assembly.…”

Section: Thermal Parametersmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The anode tab was chosen as the temperature measuring point for the cells since preliminary investigations based on the technique described by Schmidt et al [24] revealed that for the cells, the temperature at this point was closest to the internal cell temperature. This can be attributed to the fact that the in-plane thermal conductivity of the copper and aluminum current collectors is significantly higher than the thermal conductivity perpendicular to the electrode layers [21,25]. In order to additionally shield the thermocouple against environmental influences, the temperature of the tab was controlled on the side of the current flow and the thermocouple was attached to the opposite side where the voltage measurement was located and insulated with a thin plastic sheet.…”

Section: Thermal Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach enabled a precise application of the targeted thermal boundary conditions with a very high temperature accuracy, which is not even feasible for the homogeneous steady conditions with the use of a climatic chamber. Figure 4b) for the 9 A current, the intensive temperature control via the cells´surfaces and tabs kept the internal temperature increase smaller than 1 K [21,25]. Figure 2a shows the reference cases with the three base temperatures, which were homogeneously applied.…”

Section: Thermal Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhomogeneous Temperature Distribution Affecting the Cyclic Aging of Li-Ion Cells. Part I: Experimental Investigation

et al. 2020

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Alongside electrical loads, it is known that temperature has a strong influence on battery behavior and lifetime. Investigations have mainly been performed at homogeneous temperatures and non-homogeneous conditions in single cells have at best been simulated. This publication presents the development of a methodology and experimental setup to investigate the influence of thermal boundary conditions during the operation of lithium-ion cells. In particular, spatially inhomogeneous and transient thermal boundary conditions and periodical electrical cycles were superimposed in different combinations. This required a thorough design of the thermal boundary conditions applied to the cells. Unlike in other contributions that rely on placing cells in a climatic chamber to control ambient air temperature, here the cell surfaces and tabs were directly connected to individual cooling and heating plates. This improves the control of the cells' internal temperature, even with high currents accompanied by strong internal heat dissipation. The aging process over a large number of electrical cycles is presented by means of discharge capacity and impedance spectra determined in repeated intermediate characterizations. The influence of spatial temperature gradients and temporal temperature changes on the cyclic degradation is revealed. It appears that the overall temperature level is indeed a decisive parameter for capacity fade during cyclic aging, while the intensity of a temperature gradient is not as essential. Furthermore, temperature changes can have a substantial impact and potentially lead to stronger degradation than spatial inhomogeneities.

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Section: Thermal Parametersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Thermal Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhomogeneous Temperature Distribution Affecting the Cyclic Aging of Li-Ion Cells. Part I: Experimental Investigation

et al. 2020

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“…The parameters for the Pr and Re calculation are listed in Table 4 [23]. The thermal properties of the air and the battery are also listed in Table 4 [24][25][26][27]. Generated heat in lithium-ion batteries dissipates through the surface in contact with the air around the batteries.…”

Section: Forced Convection On Cylinder In Cross Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Analysis of a Parallel-Configured Battery Pack (1S18P) Using 21700 Cells for a Battery-Powered Train

et al. 2020

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In this study, the thermal behavior of a 1S18P battery pack is examined based on the power demand during train propulsion between two stations. The proposed thermal prediction model is classified into Joules heating with equivalent resistance, reversible heat, and heat dissipation. The equivalent resistances are determined by 5% of the state of charge intervals using the hybrid pulse power characterization test. The power demand profile during train propulsion between two stations is provided by the Korea Railroad Research Institute. An experiment is conducted to examine the 1S18P battery pack thermal behavior during the propulsion between two stations. A comparison of the simulation and experiment results validated the proposed thermal model. Electronics 2020, 9, 447 2 of 13 electrochemical thermal model require chemical parameters which are hard to examine. Therefore, a simplified electro-thermal model was introduced and classified the heat generation term into reversible heat and Joule heat. An electrochemical reaction (including polarization and entropy change) generates reversible heat. Joule heating occurs due to the resistance during the transfer of ions and electrons. A simplified thermal model of a lithium-ion battery was examined by Onda et al. [9]. Equivalent resistances are obtained by state of charge (SOC) intervals and employed for Joule heating. Additionally, entropy change is measured at different SOCs and applied to reversible heat [14]. Tables 1 and 2 are definitions and descriptions of abbreviation and symbols used in this paper.

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“…At the interface, some fraction of Q Γs-e enters each of the adjoining sub-domains. Because of the generally higher thermal conductivity of the electrodes over electrolytes, 32 most of the heat produced at Γ s−e flows into the active material. For the sake of simplicity, we assume that Q Γs-e flows entirely into the active material:…”

Section: Chemical Reaction At the Interface Between Active Materials Amentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Physics Battery Model with Particle Scale Resolution of Porosity Evolution Driven by Intercalation Strain and Electrolyte Flow

Wang

Garikipati

2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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We present a coupled continuum formulation for the electrostatic, chemical, thermal, mechanical and fluid physics in battery materials. Our treatment is at the particle scale, at which the active particles held together by carbon-binders, the porous separator, current collectors and the perfusing electrolyte are explicitly modeled. Starting with the description common to the field, in terms of reaction-transport partial differential equations for ions, variants of the classical Poisson equation for electrostatics, and the heat equation, we introduce solid-fluid interaction to the problem. Our main contribution is to model the electrolyte as an incompressible fluid driven by elastic, thermal and lithium intercalation strains in the active material. Our treatment is in the finite strain setting, and uses the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) framework to account for mechanical coupling of the solid and fluid. We present a detailed computational study of the influence of solid-fluid interaction and magnitude of intercalation strain upon porosity evolution, ion distribution and electrostatic potential fields in the cell.

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Thermal conductivity of Li-ion batteries and their electrode configurations – A novel combination of modelling and experimental approach

Cited by 61 publications

References 32 publications

Inhomogeneous Temperature Distribution Affecting the Cyclic Aging of Li-Ion Cells. Part I: Experimental Investigation

Inhomogeneous Temperature Distribution Affecting the Cyclic Aging of Li-Ion Cells. Part I: Experimental Investigation

Thermal Analysis of a Parallel-Configured Battery Pack (1S18P) Using 21700 Cells for a Battery-Powered Train

A Multi-Physics Battery Model with Particle Scale Resolution of Porosity Evolution Driven by Intercalation Strain and Electrolyte Flow

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