Thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, and Seebeck coefficient of high-purity chromium from 280 to 1000 K

Moore, J. P.; Williams, R. K.; Graves, R.S.

doi:10.1063/1.323697

Cited by 61 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The comparison with Seebeck coefficient data 16,43,48 for LaFeAsO and Cr shows that the observed characteristics, namely a fluctuation regime at T > T N and a sharp change of S at T N , are apparently generic features at SDW transitions. Interestingly, the contributions in the fluctuation regime and at T T N have the same sign in both LaFeAsO and Cr, whereas their sign is opposite in Mn 3 Si.…”

Section: E Seebeck Effectmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Spin density wave order and fluctuations inMn3Si: A transport study

et al. 2014

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We present a comprehensive transport investigation of the itinerant antiferromagnet Mn3Si which undergoes a spin density wave (SDW) order below TN ∼ 21.3 K. The electrical resistivity, the Hall-, Seebeck and Nernst effects exhibit pronounced anomalies at the SDW transition, while the heat conductivity is phonon dominated and therefore is insensitive to the intrinsic electronic ordering in this compound. At temperatures higher than TN our data provide strong evidence for a large fluctuation regime which extends up to ∼ 200 K in the resistivity, the Seebeck effect and the Nernst effect. From the comparison of our results with other prototype SDW materials, viz. LaFeAsO and Chromium, we conclude that many of the observed features are of generic character.

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Section: E Seebeck Effectmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…18,22 Surprisingly the temperature behavior of the resistivity of Cr is very different because it exhibits a small hump below T N . 43,44 C. Hall effect…”

Section: B Resistivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin density wave order and fluctuations inMn3Si: A transport study

et al. 2014

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“…Hence, such calibration was not carried out and we relied on the reported sensitivity 1 . Calibration of thermocouple for determination of the absolute temperature are important when films of several nanometers are used due to strong differences in Seebeck coefficient (thermopower): it changes from −4 to +14 μ V/K when the film of Cr is increasing in thickness from 5 to 10 nm 16 (the scale is defined with Platinum having the Seebeck coefficient S = 0, S = −15 (Ni), S = +6.5 μ V/K (Au)). The bulk Cr has thermopower S = 21.8 μ V/K 16 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-thermocouple on nano-membrane: thermometer for nanoscale measurements

Balčytis

Ryu

Juodkazis

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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A thermocouple of Au-Ni with only 2.5-μm-wide electrodes on a 30-nm-thick Si3N4 membrane was fabricated by a simple low-resolution electron beam lithography and lift off procedure. The thermocouple is shown to be sensitive to heat generated by laser as well as an electron beam. Nano-thin membrane was used to reach a high spatial resolution of energy deposition and to realise a heat source of sub-1 μm diameter. This was achieved due to a limited generation of secondary electrons, which increase a lateral energy deposition. A low thermal capacitance of the fabricated devices is useful for the real time monitoring of small and fast temperature changes, e.g., due to convection, and can be detected through an optical and mechanical barrier of the nano-thin membrane. Temperature changes up to ~2 × 105 K/s can be measured at 10 kHz rate. A simultaneous down-sizing of both, the heat detector and heat source strongly required for creation of thermal microscopy is demonstrated. Peculiarities of Seebeck constant (thermopower) dependence on electron injection into thermocouple are discussed. Modeling of thermal flows on a nano-membrane with presence of a micro-thermocouple was carried out to compare with experimentally measured temporal response.

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“…The expected resistances of patterned EGaIn are calculated from a parallel circuit formed by the underneath adhesive Au layer and EGaIn structure. Here, because the thickness of Cr (4 nm) is ten times thinner than Au (60 nm) and Cr is six times more resistive than Au (0.12 Ω·μm for Cr 46 and 0.02 Ω·μm for Au 47 ), the contribution of Cr to the electrical conductance is neglected. The resistivity of the adhesive Au layer is characterized by measuring the resistance of the sample before patterning EGaIn.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Conductors Fabricated by Stencil Lithography and Centrifugal Force-Assisted Patterning of Liquid Metal

Sun

Boero

Brugger

2021

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Embedding liquid metals (LMs) into an elastomer is emerging as a promising strategy for stretchable conductors. Existing manufacturing techniques are struggling between spatial resolution and process complexity and are limited to chemically resistant substrates. Here, we report on a hybrid process combining stencil lithography and centrifugal force-assisted patterning of liquid metal for the development of LM-based stretchable conductors. The selective wetting behavior of oxide-removed eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) on metal patterns defined by stencil lithography enables micrometer scale LM patterns on an elastomeric substrate. Stencil lithography allows for defining metal regions without harsh chemical treatments, making it suitable for a wide range of substrates. Microscale LM patterns are achieved by efficiently removing the excess material by the centrifugal forces experienced from spinning the substrate. The proposed approach allows for the creation of LM patterns with a line width as small as 2 μm on a stretchable poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate. The electrical measurement results show that the fabricated EGaIn devices can endure 40% mechanical strain over several thousands of cycles. Furthermore, a stencil design using microbridges is proposed to address the mechanical stability issue in stencil lithography. An EGaIn conductor with a serpentine structure and an interdigitated capacitor are fabricated and characterized. The results demonstrate that the patterned serpentine conductors retain their functionality with applied mechanical strain up to 80%. The performance of the interdigitated capacitors upon applied strain is in good agreement with the theoretical estimation. Finally, we demonstrate our approach also on poly(octamethylene maleate (anhydride) citrate) (POMaC) substrates to broaden the use of the proposed method to not only flexible and stretchable but also biodegradable substrates, opening a way for in vivo transient microsystem engineering. The work presented here provides a versatile and reliable approach for manufacturing stretchable conductors.

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Thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, and Seebeck coefficient of high-purity chromium from 280 to 1000 K

Cited by 61 publications

References 36 publications

Spin density wave order and fluctuations inMn3Si: A transport study

Spin density wave order and fluctuations inMn3Si: A transport study

Micro-thermocouple on nano-membrane: thermometer for nanoscale measurements

Stretchable Conductors Fabricated by Stencil Lithography and Centrifugal Force-Assisted Patterning of Liquid Metal

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