Thermal comfort of outdoor spaces in Lahore, Pakistan: Lessons for bioclimatic urban design in the context of global climate change

Mazhar, Naveed; Brown, Robert D.; Kenny, Natasha; Lenzholzer, Sanda

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02.007

Cited by 61 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Many practitioners, policy managers, and urban planners work to design usable and aesthetically pleasing outdoor spaces, and may or may consider how design affects health and/or include current and future climate (or urban 'micro'-climate) in their applications [47,89,90]. Such oversight can be detrimental for the intended use of the outdoor space when uncomfortable spaces are designed [91], and future climate variability and urban growth are important considerations when planning urban areas for the coming century [92].…”

Section: Park Bioclimatic Design For Hot Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of physical activity and shade on the heat balance and thermal perceptions of children in a playground microclimate

Vanos

Herdt

Lochbaum

2017

Building and Environment

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Outdoor thermal comfort (TC) is an important parameter in assessing the value and health utility of a recreational space. Given the public health significance of child heat illness, the ability to model children's heat balance and TC during activity has received little attention. The current pilot study tests the performance of an outdoor human heat balance model on children playing in warm/hot outdoor environments in sun and shade. Fourteen children aged 9e13 participated in the 8-day study in Texas in spring 2016, performing physical activity while wearing heartrate monitors and completing thermal perception surveys (e.g., actual thermal sensation (ATS)). Surveys were compared to predicted thermal sensation (PTS) based on principles of human-environment heat exchange using personal data and a suite of on-site microclimate information. Results demonstrate the model to significantly predict ATS votes (Spearman's rho ¼ 0.504). Subjective preferred change was also significantly correlated to modeled PTS (rho ¼ À0.607). Radiation, air temperature, windspeed, and level of tiredness were significant predictors of ATS. Finally, the mean human energy balance was significantly lower in the shade (À168 W m-2), thus lowering heat stress potential, with the model predicting ATS with little-to-no error (0.2 and 0.0 scale error units in sun and shade, respectively). This study demonstrates an ability to estimate a child's heat balance while accounting for changes in major heat contributors (e.g., radiation, metabolism), and is the first study to evaluate TC of children during activity in outdoor built environments. New insights of heat perception may aid in recognition of often under-recognized heat stress.

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Section: Park Bioclimatic Design For Hot Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of physical activity and shade on the heat balance and thermal perceptions of children in a playground microclimate

Vanos

Herdt

Lochbaum

2017

Building and Environment

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“…Accordingly our results do not indicate Ta reductions within street canyons by street trees or front gardens. These results are in accordance with those of earlier studies (Armson et al, 2013, Mazhar et al, 2015, although measurements in those studies were conducted directly in the shade of trees.…”

Section: Air Temperature (Ta)supporting

confidence: 93%

“…For our investigated streets with estimated tree crown covers up to 54% within street canyons we conclude that 10% tree crown cover lowers Tmrt by about 1 K (Figure 4.8). This is in accordance with other studies, that found a strong relationship between tree crown cover and outdoor thermal comfort (Ali-Toudert and , Lee et al, 2013, Streiling and Matzarakis, 2003, Abreu-Harbich et al, 2015, Mazhar et al, 2015. These findings are in line with a subsequent analysis on the gap fraction of tree crowns as an indicator for solar permeability (Appendix-R).…”

Section: Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt)supporting

confidence: 92%

Clever and cool : generating design guidelines for climate-responsive urban green infrastructure

Klemm

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“…In the same, context the work of [21,22] provided a broader perspective by developing an overview of challenges and achievements in the climate adaptation of cities. And the work of [23][24][25] provided more specific design recommendations within a technical landscape design and urban planning perspective. These studies did not provide predictions for the future outdoor climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projecting the impact of climate change on design recommendations for residential buildings in Iran

Roshan

Oji

Attia

2019

Building and Environment

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The outdoor climate is changing. In order to assure thermal comfort in new and existing residential buildings we need to revise and adapt our building designs. Therefore, 10 meteorological stations in Iran were selected to investigate and predict the influence of climate change on the local climate diversity and variability. In order to provide a comfortable and healthy indoor environment, bioclimatic design recommendations during early design stages were revised, including during the two periods of 1986-2015 and 2020-2050. A modified Givoni's bioclimatic chart was used to visualize the climate variation and to inform designers about accurate and climate-proof bioclimatic design recommendations. The second-generation Canadian Earth System Model was used to predict changes in the maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity components of future decades. Based on Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5 for the greenhouse gas emission section of the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the effects of climate change on different cooling and heating strategies were examined. The findings of this study showed that for all the studied stations, apart from Abadan, the trend in temperature increase over the coming decades is not unforeseen. The use of heating strategies will decrease, and the use of cooling strategies will increase. Finally, this study presents an adjusted bioclimatic chart of Iran and quantifies the adaptation measures to climate change to reduce energy use and avoid overheating.

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Thermal comfort of outdoor spaces in Lahore, Pakistan: Lessons for bioclimatic urban design in the context of global climate change

Cited by 61 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of physical activity and shade on the heat balance and thermal perceptions of children in a playground microclimate

Effects of physical activity and shade on the heat balance and thermal perceptions of children in a playground microclimate

Clever and cool : generating design guidelines for climate-responsive urban green infrastructure

Projecting the impact of climate change on design recommendations for residential buildings in Iran

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