Thermal Characterization of Defects in Building Envelopes Using Long Square Pulse and Slow Thermal Wave Techniques

Holographic Interferometry (HI), Infrared Vision and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy for the assessment of painted wooden statues: a new integrated approach

“…In the square pulse configuration [8], [51], the specimen surface is submitted to a long pulse (from a few seconds to several minutes), and the temperature rise and decay is registered using an infrared camera and stored as a 3D matrix composed by N thermograms, where x and y are the spatial coordinates, and t is the time.…”

Quantification of Voids and Delaminations in Real Concrete and Masonry Structures with Active Thermography: Case Studies

“…As shown in recent publications [1,2,3], active thermography by inducing a non-stationary temperature distribution (e. g. impulse thermography) in combination with the analysis of temporal data in frequency domain (e. g. pulse phase thermography) is very well suited for the visualisation of inhomogeneities and defects close to the surface (up to a depth of 10 cm) of building structures. For quantitative analysis of data recorded on-site, the main problems are manifold: the inaccessibility of most of the investigated structures, the changing environmental conditions, the inhomogeneity of the investigated surfaces and the relatively thick building structures in relation to the low thermal diffusivity of the building materials have to be considered.…”

A combined three-dimensional digitisation and subsurface defect detection data using active infrared thermography

“…This technique consists to carry out a thermal perturbation on the object surface in order to produce a thermal contrast between the defective and non defective area. Numerous methods have been proposed for different applications such as Lock-in Thermography [1,2], Pulsed Thermography [3], Pulse Phase Thermography [4], Square Pulse Thermography [5]. These methods are robust when the surface inspected is planar.…”