Thermal characteristics of diving garments when Using argon as a suit inflation gas

Nuckols, M.L.; Giblo, Joseph; Wood-Putnam, Jody L.

doi:10.1109/oceans.2008.5151907

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the addition of TiO 2 particles improves the wear resistance of the magnesium matrix in Mg-TiO 2 composites. Also, the wear loss curves obtained for all the samples develop in a non-linear manner [25][26][27]. Therefore, it is inferred that the wear loss does not vary proportionally with respect to a change in load.…”

Section: Effect Of the Content Of Reinforcements On Wear Lossmentioning

confidence: 90%

Fabrication and Tribological Behaviour of Mg-TiO2 Composites

Pillai¹,

Jinu²,

Govindan³

2018

TFAMENA

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SummaryIn the present study pure magnesium was taken as a base metal which is reinforced with various weight percentages of TiO 2 (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 % wt). This is done through a vacuum stir casting route with argon as a shielding gas to prevent oxidation. The prepared samples were machined using the Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) to achieve accurate dimensions for the study of tribological properties. A computerized pin-on-disc machine is used to study the dry sliding wear behaviour of the Mg-based composites. Wear losses were calculated using a variety of load parameters (10N, 15N, 20N, and 25N), sliding velocities (1 m/s, 1.5 m/s, and 2.0 m/s) and the weight percentage of the reinforcement. The results proved that the wear loss increased with an increase in the load, and decreased with an increase in the sliding velocity. The wear resistance is improved with an increase in the percentage of reinforcements in the matrix. The morphology and distribution of reinforcements were analysed by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, respectively. The results revealed a uniform distribution of TiO 2 particles throughout the magnesium matrix in the Mg-TiO 2 composites.

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Section: Effect Of the Content Of Reinforcements On Wear Lossmentioning

confidence: 90%

Fabrication and Tribological Behaviour of Mg-TiO2 Composites

Pillai¹,

Jinu²,

Govindan³

2018

TFAMENA

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“…L'argon peut être utilisé comme gaz isolant thermique dans les combinaisons étanches de plongée [47]. Les bouteilles de gaz d'insufflation de combinaison sont facilement différen-tiables des bouteilles de plongée de gaz respiratoires.…”

Section: Argon Et Accidents De Plongéeunclassified

L’argon : utilisations, toxicité et stratégie analytique en toxicologie médicolégale

2012

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Résumé -Bien qu'intrinsèquement non toxiques, les gaz nobles comme l'argon entraînent à fortes concentrations une déplétion d'oxygène pouvant mener jusqu'à l'asphyxie. Si l'argon se retrouve dans la circulation générale, celui-ci peut même être responsable d'embolies parfois fatales. Cependant, les propriétés d'inerties physicochimiques de ce gaz le rendent très utile dans de nombreuses applications actuelles. Ces applications étant en constante augmentation, il n'est pas rare d'observer proportionnellement des intoxications parfois létales liées à ce gaz. Ainsi, devant le manque d'harmonisation des prélèvements d'échantillons biologiques afin de mettre en évidence de telles intoxications aux gaz nobles et devant l'augmentation du nombre de cas, il devient nécessaire d'établir un état des lieux sur l'utilisation de l'argon, sa toxicité et la stratégie analytique à adopter dans le contexte médico-légal. Mots clés :Argon, gaz noble, échantillonnage de gaz, analyse de gaz Abstract -Even though noble gases such as argon are intrisically non-toxic, they will enhance an oxygen-depletion at high concentrations. This depletion may lead to asphyxia. If argon is found in blood flow, it could be responsible of an embolism. However, its inert physicochemical properties appear to be very useful to a wide range of current applications. The rise of these applications induces a proportionnal increase of lethal intoxications due to this gas. Thus, as no standardization of biological samples exists, and knowing the increase of argon intoxication cases, it seems necessary to establish an incoming inventory of fixture concerning the use of argon. It will confirm its toxicity properties and will highlight other intoxications due to noble gas. This should lead to a new analytical strategy suitable to the forensic context.

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“…Therefore, other gases have been studied for the use of dry suit inflation. When argon was compared with 13 other gases, it appeared to be a good option based on its physical properties, i.e., it is monoatomic and has a large size and high mass, causing low thermal conductivity [8]. The thermal conductivity of argon is about 32% lower compared to that of air [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When argon was compared with 13 other gases, it appeared to be a good option based on its physical properties, i.e., it is monoatomic and has a large size and high mass, causing low thermal conductivity [8]. The thermal conductivity of argon is about 32% lower compared to that of air [8]. Other inert gases, like krypton and xenon, are also (theoretically) possible, but their high costs make them impractical for diving operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Argon used as dry suit insulation gas for cold-water diving

Vrijdag

Ooij²,

Hulst

2013

Extrem Physiol Med

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BackgroundCold-water diving requires good thermal insulation because hypothermia is a serious risk. Water conducts heat more efficiently compared to air. To stay warm during a dive, the choice of thermal protection should be based on physical activity, the temperature of the water, and the duration of exposure. A dry suit, a diving suit filled with gas, is the most common diving suit in cold water. Air is the traditional dry suit inflation gas, whereas the thermal conductivity of argon is approximately 32% lower compared to that of air. This study evaluates the benefits of argon, compared to air, as a thermal insulation gas for a dry suit during a 1-h cold-water dive by divers of the Royal Netherlands Navy.MethodsSeven male Special Forces divers made (in total) 19 dives in a diving basin with water at 13°C at a depth of 3 m for 1 h in upright position. A rubber dry suit and woollen undergarment were used with either argon (n = 13) or air (n = 6) (blinded to the divers) as suit inflation gas. Core temperature was measured with a radio pill during the dive. Before, halfway, and after the dive, subjective thermal comfort was recorded using a thermal comfort score.ResultsNo diver had to abort the test due to cold. No differences in core temperature and thermal comfort score were found between the two groups. Core temperature remained unchanged during the dives. Thermal comfort score showed a significant decrease in both groups after a 60-min dive compared to baseline.ConclusionsIn these tests the combination of the dry suit and undergarment was sufficient to maintain core temperature and thermal comfort for a dive of 1 h in water at 13°C. The use of argon as a suit inflation gas had no added value for thermal insulation compared to air for these dives.

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Thermal characteristics of diving garments when Using argon as a suit inflation gas

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Fabrication and Tribological Behaviour of Mg-TiO2 Composites

Fabrication and Tribological Behaviour of Mg-TiO2 Composites

L’argon : utilisations, toxicité et stratégie analytique en toxicologie médicolégale

Argon used as dry suit insulation gas for cold-water diving

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