Thermal biology and swimming performance of Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>) and haddock (<i>Melanogrammus aeglefinus</i>)

Norin, Tommy; Canada, Paula; Bailey, Jason A.; Gamperl, A. Kurt

doi:10.7717/peerj.7784

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(147 reference statements)

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“…The most important physical variables were water depth and bottom temperature, both of which are key in defining the biophysical habitats occupied by marine organisms (McGowan, Horne & Rogers, 2019; Rubec et al, 2019). The role of temperature in the growth and reproduction of marine species is manifold (Loisel, Isla & Daufresne, 2019), and is reinforced by the effect of temperature to define distribution limits based on thermal tolerances (Norin et al, 2019). The inclusion of temperature in habitat modelling for NES shelf species has become increasingly important given the rapid, recent increases in temperatures experienced in this ecosystem (Pershing et al, 2015) and its projected temperature change into the future (Saba et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine learning highlights the importance of primary and secondary production in determining habitat for marine fish and macroinvertebrates

Friedland

Bachman²,

Davies

et al. 2021

Aquatic Conservation

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Species distribution models for marine organisms are increasingly used for a range of applications, including spatial planning, conservation, and fisheries management. These models have been constructed using a variety of mathematical forms and drawing on both physical and biological independent variables; however, what might be called first‐generation models have mainly followed the form of linear models, or smoothing splines, informed by data collected in the context of fish surveys. The performance of different classes of variables were tested in a series of species occurrence models built with machine learning methods, specifically evaluating the potential contribution of lower trophic level data. Random forest models were fitted based on the classification of the absence/presence for fish and macroinvertebrates surveyed on the US Northeast Continental Shelf. The potential variables included physical, primary production, secondary production, and terrain variables. For accepted model fits, six variable importance measures were computed, which collectively showed that physical and secondary production variables make the greatest contribution across all models. In contrast, terrain variables made the least contribution to these models. Multivariable analyses that account for all performance measures reinforce the role of water depth and temperature in defining species presence and absence; however, chlorophyll concentration and some specific zooplankton taxa, such as Metridia lucens and Paracalanus parvus, also make important contributions with strong seasonal variations. Our results suggest that lower trophic level variables, if available, are valuable in the creation of species distribution models for marine organisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine learning highlights the importance of primary and secondary production in determining habitat for marine fish and macroinvertebrates

Friedland

Bachman²,

Davies

et al. 2021

Aquatic Conservation

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“…We are aware that aerobic scope is most commonly determined using swimming-flumes and/or chase protocols, but the use of ‘temperature-induced’ aerobic scope (AS T ) is appropriate for this thermal tolerance study and provides equivalent data to these traditional methods (e.g. [ 27 , 37 , 38 ]). Resting, and maximum values, and values for scope for cardiac parameters ( f H , Q̇ , V S ) and Ṁ O 2 / Q̇ were determined in the same way as for Ṁ O 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) suggests that limited capacity to increase heart function leaves hypoxic fish susceptible to heat waves

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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Studies of heart function and metabolism have been used to predict the impact of global warming on fish survival and distribution, and their susceptibility to acute and chronic temperature increases. Yet, despite the fact that hypoxia and high temperatures often co-occur, only one study has examined the effects of hypoxia on fish thermal tolerance, and the consequences of hypoxia for fish cardiac responses to acute warming have not been investigated. We report that sablefish ( Anoplopoma fimbria ) did not increase heart rate or cardiac output when warmed while hypoxic, and that this response was associated with reductions in maximum O 2 consumption and thermal tolerance (CT max ) of 66% and approximately 3°C, respectively. Further, acclimation to hypoxia for four to six months did not substantially alter the sablefish's temperature-dependent physiological responses or improve its CT max . These results provide novel, and compelling, evidence that hypoxia can impair the cardiac and metabolic response to increased temperatures in fish, and suggest that some coastal species may be more vulnerable to climate change-related heat waves than previously thought. Further, they support research showing that cross-tolerance and physiological plasticity in fish following hypoxia acclimation are limited.

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“…where _ M O2scaled is the mass-adjusted _ M O2 , _ M O2measured is the value calculated using Eqn 1, M measured is the shark's body mass, M scaled is the desired body mass of 1.0 kg, and b is the mass-scaling exponent of 0.89 (Norin et al, 2019). Because _ M O2 was scaled to a 1.0 kg fish, values are simply presented in mg O 2 h −1 .…”

Section: Oxygen Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal tolerance and hypoxia tolerance are associated in blacktip reef shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus) neonates

Bouyoucos

Morrison

Weideli

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Thermal dependence of growth and metabolism can influence thermal preference and tolerance in marine ectotherms, including threatened and data-deficient species. Here, we quantified the thermal dependence of physiological performance in neonates of a tropical shark species (blacktip reef shark, Carcharhinus melanopterus) from shallow, nearshore habitats. We measured minimum and maximum oxygen uptake rates (ṀO2), calculated aerobic scope, excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and recovery from exercise, and measured critical thermal maxima (CTmax), thermal safety margins, hypoxia tolerance, specific growth rates, body condition and food conversion efficiencies at two ecologically relevant acclimation temperatures (28 and 31°C). Owing to high post-exercise mortality, a third acclimation temperature (33°C) was not investigated further. Acclimation temperature did not affect ṀO2 or growth, but CTmax and hypoxia tolerance were greatest at 31°C and positively associated. We also quantified in vitro temperature (25, 30 and 35°C) and pH effects on haemoglobin–oxygen (Hb–O2) affinity of wild-caught, non-acclimated sharks. As expected, Hb–O2 affinity decreased with increasing temperatures, but pH effects observed at 30°C were absent at 25 and 35°C. Finally, we logged body temperatures of free-ranging sharks and determined that C. melanopterus neonates avoided 31°C in situ. We conclude that C. melanopterus neonates demonstrate minimal thermal dependence of whole-organism physiological performance across a seasonal temperature range and may use behaviour to avoid unfavourable environmental temperatures. The association between thermal tolerance and hypoxia tolerance suggests a common mechanism warranting further investigation. Future research should explore the consequences of ocean warming, especially in nearshore, tropical species.

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Thermal biology and swimming performance of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)

Cited by 18 publications

References 98 publications

Machine learning highlights the importance of primary and secondary production in determining habitat for marine fish and macroinvertebrates

Machine learning highlights the importance of primary and secondary production in determining habitat for marine fish and macroinvertebrates

Research on sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) suggests that limited capacity to increase heart function leaves hypoxic fish susceptible to heat waves

Thermal tolerance and hypoxia tolerance are associated in blacktip reef shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus) neonates

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