Thermal behavior of a copolymer PV/Th solar system in low flow rate conditions

Numerical and model validation of uncovered nanofluid sheet and tube type photovoltaic thermal solar system

“…Applying the heat pipe on the PVT collector induces an increase of the heat transfer area [6][7][8][9], incorporating phase-change-material (PCM) in PVT collectors [10], are the examples of these attempts. One of the effective ways to enhance the efficiency of a PVT collector is using a nanofluid in its collector as a working fluid.…”

Development of a Seawater-proof Hybrid Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) Solar Collector

“…Furthermore, trying to compare with [11] and [12] is difficult as thermal efficiency curves are not provided but daily efficiencies or rough estimations, respectively. [10] predicts, only via simulation, a slightly higher efficiency, which has not been experimentally proved yet. The dual flow collector [13] shows a much higher efficiency than the new development, however problems with mechanical stability and heavy design are reported.…”

“…The different thermal expansion between PV and absorber (PPO) was compensated via a ~0.5 mm adhesive layer. A PV/T collector using polycrystalline (pc) silicon cells in combination with a polycarbonate (PC) thermal solar collector under low flow rate (around 20 l/h) is simulated, but not experimentally investigated, for a Mediterranean site by [10]. For improving the thermal contact between the PV cells and the absorber, a thermal adhesive is recommended.…”

Dynamic numerical model of a high efficiency PV–T collector integrated into a domestic hot water system

“…Chow (2003) presented a dynamical model based on a control volume finite difference formulation approach to solved thermal balance equations using an explicit method. Finally, Cristofari et al (2009Cristofari et al ( , 2012 developed a finite element model to investigate the behaviour and the performance of a hybrid PV-T collector for a low mass flow rate. These dynamical models are all based upon the same theoretical foundations, and combine thermal energy balance equations (including the various energy fluxes present), with a calculation of photovoltaic conversion efficiency as a function of component temperature (Fig.…”

“…Once the thermal model of the 'immobile' part of the PV-T collector has been established, the temperature variation of the carrier fluid in the heat exchanger is calculated by consideration of the conductive exchange with the Table 1 Materials physical characteristics and layer dimensions (Dupeyrat, 2011 glycolic water, using the following relation (Zondag et al, 2002;Cristofari et al, 2009;Pieper and Klein, 2010):…”