Thermal Behavior and Thermolysis Kinetics of the Explosive Trans‐1,4,5,8‐Tetranitro‐1,4,5,8‐Tetraazadecalin (TNAD)

Abstract

Trans‐1,4,5,8‐Tetranitro‐1,4,5,8‐Tetraazadecalin (TNAD), a cyclic nitroamine, has been studied with regard to the kinetics and mechanism of thermal decomposition, using thermogravimetry (TG), IR spectroscopy, and pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC). The IR spectra of TNAD have also been recorded, and the kinetics of thermolysis has been followed by non‐isothermal TG. The activation energy of the solid‐state process was determined by using the Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa method. Compared with the activation energy obtained from the Ozawa method, the reaction mechanism of the exothermic process of TNAD was classified by the Coats‐Redfern method as a nucleation and nuclear growth (Avrami equation 1) chemical reaction (α=0.30–0.60) and a 2D diffusion (Valensi equation) chemical reaction (α=0.60–0.90). Ea and ln A were established to be 330.14 kJ mol−1 and 29.93 (α=0.30–0.60) or 250.30 kJ mol−1 and 21.62 (α=0.60–0.90).

Dft theoretical study of energetic nitrogen-rich C4N6H8-n(NO2)n derivatives

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Among the various HEDMs, heterocyclic nitrogen compounds have attracted significant attention, such as the well-known explosives 1,3,4,6-tetranitroglycouril (TNGU), 10 hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), 11,12 and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) 13,14 and the newer compounds trans -1,4,5,8-tetranitro-1,4,5,8-tetraazadecalin (TNAD), 15 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) 16 and cis-2, 4,6,8-tetranitro-1H,5H-2,4,6,8-tetraazabicyclo [3.3.0] octane (Bicycle-HMX), 17,18 which are all explosives with high positive HOFs and excellent detonation properties.…”

Researches on Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Composite Modified Double‐base Propellants

“…T eo , T i , T p , T f , T b , T a , E, lg A and ∆H are very important parameters in determining the stability of propellants. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] In order to explore the thermal decomposition mechanisms of composite modified double-base propellant and obtain kinetic parameters, such as apparent activation energy (E), the isoconversional methods [11][12][13][14] and the Malek method [15][16][17][18] were employed according to suggestions of ICTAC (International Confederation of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry). 19,20 The supposition of decomposition mechanism function is not needed for Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method and the computation is simpler than other methods.…”