Thermal behavior and failure mechanisms of 18650 lithium ion battery induced by overcharging cycling

The Foreseeable Future of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: Advanced Upcycling for Toxic Electrolyte, Cathode, and Anode from Environmental and Technological Perspectives

“…110,111 Li ions formed residues in the anode while shuttling between cathode and anode, and the residues occupied/blocked the active sites located in the graphitic interlayer to result in the decline of LIB capacity finally. 112 Specifically, the main degeneration causes for graphitic anode are listed as follows: (1) the formation of SEI, steady growth, and dissolution and precipitation at contact face between anode and electrolyte; 58,113,114 (2) anode mechanical degeneration, the case in point being lithium-dendrite generation; 115,116 (3) anode electrochemical burn-in because of thickened SEI and occurrence of continuous chemical reactions from the SEI; 117 (4) the confusion of graphitic structure because of the influence caused by mechanical strain during LIB cycling for anode reversible capacity. 118−120 The emission of environmental pollutants, the resource utilization of Li residue (Li 2 O, LiF, Li 2 CO 3 , ROCO 2 Li, and CH 3 OLi), and the avoidance of safety risks make graphite anode recycling possible.…”

“…It is of great significance to determine the specific reasons for the functional degradation of LIBs for seeking efficient recovery methods. The failure mechanism of the cathode of LIBs mainly includes the following two aspects: (1) The lithium ions originally in the cathode cannot completely return to their original position during the charging and discharging cycle of the battery, forming a thickened SEI, resulting in the loss of lithium ions, thereby forming lithium defects in the crystals of the cathode, resulting in a decrease in battery capacity. − (2) Due to prolonged contact with the electrolyte, the surface of the cathode material undergoes a phase change, the conductivity of lithium ions decreases, and the increase in polarization leads to a decrease in battery capacity. , Compared with traditional pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, instead of complete decomposition of active material, direct regeneration technology is to make active materials from cathodic electrodes directly repaired, and the regenerated material is reused in newly manufactured LIBs . The direct regeneration technology innovatively introduces a targeted repair method for lithium-deficient structures. , The recycled material can be used directly in the manufacture of new batteries, eliminating many subsequent steps and using fewer chemicals in the recycling process, further reducing greenhouse gas emissions.…”

“…By exploration for the underlying mechanisms of material structural and compositional defects, the irreversible loss of Li + leading to LIB capacity fading results from SEI formation and a large amount of capture for Li + in anode. , Li ions formed residues in the anode while shuttling between cathode and anode, and the residues occupied/blocked the active sites located in the graphitic interlayer to result in the decline of LIB capacity finally . Specifically, the main degeneration causes for graphitic anode are listed as follows: (1) the formation of SEI, steady growth, and dissolution and precipitation at contact face between anode and electrolyte; ,, (2) anode mechanical degeneration, the case in point being lithium-dendrite generation; , (3) anode electrochemical burn-in because of thickened SEI and occurrence of continuous chemical reactions from the SEI; (4) the confusion of graphitic structure because of the influence caused by mechanical strain during LIB cycling for anode reversible capacity. − The emission of environmental pollutants, the resource utilization of Li residue (Li 2 O, LiF, Li 2 CO 3 , ROCO 2 Li, and CH 3 OLi), and the avoidance of safety risks make graphite anode recycling possible. , However, the corresponding research on cyclic utilization for spent graphite anodes has always been overlooked due to the low economic benefits and high impurities. Generally, the anode materials mainly included natural/artificial graphite, carbon materials (carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, mesoporous carbon, and high-performance powdered graphene, etc.…”

A comparative study of thermo‐physical properties of different nanofluids for effective heat transfer leading to Li‐ion battery pack cooling

“…To safeguard their efficiency, safety, and overall lifespan, it becomes imperative to adopt a suitable heat management mechanism. The battery subsystem can experience thermal runaway, resulting in total failure, if subjected to mechanical abuse (such as penetration and impact), electrical abuse (like short‐circuiting and overcharging), or thermal abuse (caused by overheating) 4 . Lithium‐ion plating, focused on the extreme overcharge temperature of lithium cells, contributes to the intensity surge and poses a safety concern.…”

“…The battery subsystem can experience thermal runaway, resulting in total failure, if subjected to mechanical abuse (such as penetration and impact), electrical abuse (like short-circuiting and overcharging), or thermal abuse (caused by overheating). 4 Lithium-ion plating, focused on the extreme overcharge temperature of lithium cells, contributes to the intensity surge and poses a safety concern. To enhance safety, the article recommends controlling lithium charged plates, reducing heat generation, and lowering electrolyte levels to avoid increasing internal resistance at high state of charge.…”