Thermal Behavior and Decomposition Kinetics of Bis(2,2,2‐trinitroethyl)‐oxalate as a High Energy Dense Oxidizer and its Mixture with Nitrocellulose

Abstract

A new propellant formulation (NC‐BTNEOx) based on bis(2,2,2‐trinitroethyl)oxalate (BTNEOx) as a high energy dense oxidizer (HEDO) mixed with nitrocellulose (NC) matrix was prepared and studied. BTNEOx was prepared and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Photos of the prepared formulation obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM) clarified a good mixing of the nitrocellulose (NC) matrix with BTNEOx. A smokeless burning was observed and recorded for the prepared NC‐BTNEOx by a high speed camera. The thermal behavior and decomposition kinetics of the NC matrix, BTNEOx and their mixture have been investigated nonisothermally by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Isoconversional (model‐free) methods; Kissinger, Ozawa and Flynn−Wall (OFW) and Kissinger−Akahira−Sunose (KAS), were used to determine the kinetic parameters of the studied samples. The results proved that BTNEOx has melting temperature at 104.1 °C and maximum peak temperature at 200.6 °C, also it has effective activation energy in the range of 107–110 kJ/mol. The prepared NC‐BTNEOx has no endothermic peak and has exothermic peak at 201.7 °C which means that a composite might be formed due to the mixing of BTNEOx with NC. The prepared NC‐BTNEOx has effective activation energy in the range of 172–180 kJ/mol. BTNEOx required more study to proof the possibility of replacing the nitroglycerine in a smokeless double base propellant.

Thermogravimetric studies on co-pyrolysis of raw/torrefied biomass and coal blends

“…In the production of bio-oil from biomass blended with coal, the pyrolysis kinetics of CS, TCS and their blends are important parameters in the effective and efficient design of co-pyrolysers and co-gasifiers. Cai et al (2019) and Abd-Elghany et al (2017) suggested that the thermal decompositions at the start and end of each stage were not stable. As a consequence, the TG data for these ranges have not been considered when calculating the kinetics of co-pyrolysis.…”

Highly soluble cellulose nitrates from unconventional feedstocks

“…The absorption band around 1666-1659 cm -1 was assigned to ν а (NO 2 ) associated with CH groups of the glucopyranose rings of CN (position С (2) and/or С (3) ). The intense band around 1646-1631 cm -1 was attributed to ν а (NO 2 ) associated with СН 2 groups of glucopyranose rings of CN (position С (6) ).…”

“…This is in good agreement with assignment data of the ν а (NO 2 ) band of primary and secondary alcohols. The substitution of OH group by NO 2 group is known to occur mostly at the С (6) position and inequally at positions С (2) and С (3) , depending on the etherification degree.…”

“…Wu et al [2] reported results on improving the plasticizing ability of CN by incorporating promising energetic binders (GAP) into the formulation. The thermal decomposition kinetics of CN mixed with high-energy oxidizers was studied [3,4].…”

Environmentally safe (chlorine-free): new green propellant formulation based on 2,2,2-trinitroethyl-formate and HTPB

“…Moreover, studying of the thermal behavior and kinetics of reaction for the new energetic materials are essential to nd suitable new applicable applications. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] In this paper, preparation and characterization of TNEF were presented. Propellant formulations based on HTPB as a binder and TNEF and AP as oxidizers have been prepared.…”