Thermal batteries with ceramic felt separators – Part 2: Ionic conductivity, electrochemical and mechanical properties

Kang, Seunggu; Chae, Sang Hyeok; Cheong, Hae-Won; Han, Yoon Soo; Lee, Sung-Min; Yoon, Dang-Hyok; Yi, Junsin

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.12.057

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…So far, various studies have focused on optimizing each component in these systems. [6][7][8][9] Among them, studies focusing on the cathode are largely divided into materials and manufacturing methods. The most commonly used cathode material to date is FeS 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Cathode Materials for Thermal Batteries

Kang

Cheong

et al. 2019

J. Korean Ceram. Soc

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Thermal batteries are reserve batteries with molten salts as an electrolyte, which activates at high temperature. Due to their excellent reliability, long shelf life, and mechanical robustness, thermal batteries are used in military applications. A high-performance cathode for thermal batteries should be considered in terms of its high capacity, high voltage, and high thermal stability. Research progress on cathode materials from the recent decade is reviewed in this article. The major directions of research were surface modification, compounding of existing materials, fabrication of thin film cathode, and development of new materials. In order to develop a high-performance cathode, a proper combination of these research directions is required while considering mass production and cost.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Cathode Materials for Thermal Batteries

Kang

Cheong

et al. 2019

J. Korean Ceram. Soc

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“…Compared with FeS2 and CoS2 thermal batteries, nickel(II) chloride (NiCl2) as a cathode material has many advantages such as power and energy output capability, high open-circuit voltage, and thermal stability. The theoretical electromotive force of a single cell with the Li-Si alloy is 2.64 V, significantly higher than that of FeS2 and CoS2 sulfide cells [23][24][25]. With the Li-B alloy, the working temperature of NiCl2 thermal battery was 400-750°C, the power density was 1200 W kg −1 , and the capacity density was 120 W h kg −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable-temperature preparation and performance of NiCl2 as a cathode material for thermal batteries

Liu

et al. 2017

Sci. China Mater.

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Nickel(II) chloride materials were synthesized via a novel two-step variable-temperature method for the use as a cathode material in Li-B/NiCl2 cells with the LiCl-LiBrLiF electrolyte. The influence of temperature on its structure, surface morphology, and electrochemical performance was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical measurements of single cells. XRD results showed that after pre-dehydration for 2 h at 270°C followed by sintering for 5 h at 600°C, the crystal water in nickel chloride hexahydrate could be removed effectively. The SEM results showed that particles recombined to form larger coarse particles and presented a layered structure. Discharge tests showed that the 600°C-treated materials demonstrated remarkable specific c apacities of 210.42 and 242.84 mA h g −1 at constant currents of 0.5 and 2.0 A, respectively. Therefore, the Li-B/NiCl2 thermal battery showed excellent discharge performance. The present work demonstrates that NiCl2 is a promising cathode material for thermal batteries and this two-step variable-temperature method is a simple and useful method for the fabrication of NiCl2 materials.

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Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline NiS₂ as High Specific Capacity Thermal Battery Cathode Material

et al. 2020

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Nanocrystallization can shorten the Li+ transport distance, resulting in the enhancement of electrochemical activity for cathode materials. However, nanocathode materials tend to be thermally unstable, further leading to poor electrochemical performance of a battery system. This disadvantage can be especially detrimental for thermal batteries because they are often operated at high temperatures (≥450 °C). Herein, the decomposition character of NiS2 at 500 °C is investigated. The decomposition temperatures of NiS2 are found to decrease from 510 to 350 °C with the grain size decreasing to 39 nm, due to the dramatically increased surface energy. The decomposition product is confirmed to be NiS, evidenced by a high‐temperature X‐ray diffractometer. The useful mass of the cathode will reduce once the discharging temperature is higher than 500 °C. Namely, although the small grain size shorthens the Li+ transport distance, the discharge performance of the NiS2 cathode may also decrease due to its inferior thermal stability. For the Li‐B/LiF–LiCl–LiBr/NiS2 system, the NiS2 with the grain size of 70 nm shows the highest specific capacity of 831 mAh g−1 under the discharging temperature of 500 °C, with the cut‐off voltage of 0.5 V, compared with other grain sizes from 39 to 112 nm.

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Thermal batteries with ceramic felt separators – Part 2: Ionic conductivity, electrochemical and mechanical properties

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Recent Progress in Cathode Materials for Thermal Batteries

Recent Progress in Cathode Materials for Thermal Batteries

Variable-temperature preparation and performance of NiCl2 as a cathode material for thermal batteries

Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline NiS₂ as High Specific Capacity Thermal Battery Cathode Material

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Thermal batteries with ceramic felt separators – Part 2: Ionic conductivity, electrochemical and mechanical properties

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Recent Progress in Cathode Materials for Thermal Batteries

Recent Progress in Cathode Materials for Thermal Batteries

Variable-temperature preparation and performance of NiCl2 as a cathode material for thermal batteries

Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline NiS2 as High Specific Capacity Thermal Battery Cathode Material

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Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline NiS₂ as High Specific Capacity Thermal Battery Cathode Material