Thermal annealing induced competition of oxidation and grain growth in nickel thin films

Raghavan, Lisha; Ojha, Sunil; Sulania, Indra; Mishra, N. C.; Ranjith, K. M.; Baenitz, M.; Kanjilal, D.

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2019.04.034

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Interestingly, magnetic force measurements at room temperature showed a magnetic strip pattern in the nealed for 90 min (Figure 9). This may be correlated with an increased NiO( in this special sample, as compared to the Ni(200) texture found for the othe durations [95]. [96].…”

Section: Ni/nio Thin Film Systemssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Ni thin films can be oxidized in air, with the NiO layer thickness depending on the environmental temperature [94]. For a constant annealing temperature of 400 • C in oxygen atmosphere, on the other hand, Raghavan et al investigated the influence of the annealing time and found an increase of the Ni crystal size with annealing time for shorter durations which finally saturated [95]. At the same time, the NiO layer grew at the cost of the Ni layer.…”

Section: Ni/nio Thin Film Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exchange Bias in Thin Films—An Update

Błachowicz

Ehrmann

2021

Coatings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The exchange bias (EB) is an effect occurring in coupled ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic materials of diverse shapes, from core–shell nanoparticles to stacked nanostructures and thin films. The interface coupling typically results in a horizontal—often also vertical—shift of the hysteresis loop, combined with an increased coercivity, as compared to the pure ferromagnet, and the possibility of asymmetric hysteresis loops. Several models have been developed since its discovery in 1956 which still have some drawbacks and some unexplained points, while exchange bias systems are at the same time being used in hard drive read heads and are part of highly important elements for spintronics applications. Here, we give an update of new theoretical models and experimental findings regarding exchange bias phenomena in thin films during the last years, including new material combinations in which an exchange bias was found.

show abstract

Section: Ni/nio Thin Film Systemssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Ni/nio Thin Film Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange Bias in Thin Films—An Update

Błachowicz

Ehrmann

2021

Coatings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We therefore can find that the material of the substrate also affects the magnetic domain formation. As reported in the article by L. Raghavan et al, 52) the SiO 2 thin films play an important role as a buffer layer between Ni nanolayers and Si substrate that prevent the formation of nickel silicide (Ni x Si) at the interface between them after the thermal annealing. The formation of nickel silicide at the interface possibly influences the MFM observations for S1 and S2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Magnetic domain control and its dependence on aspect ratio and thickness in Ni nanolayer patterns for nanowire spintronic devices

Hara

2023

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigate the aspect ratio and thickness dependence of magnetic domain formation in multiple types of ferromagnetic Ni nanolayer electrode patterns. Controlling magnetic domains is critical for spintronic devices using a group IV semiconductor, e.g., Si and Ge, nanowire as the electrodes with magnetic tunnel junction require parallel and anti-parallel magnetization configurations. Single magnetic domains are obtained in the Ni nanolayer electrode patterns on SiO2/Si substrate with the aspect ratio of 20 and the thickness of 40 nm even under the as-deposition condition, while other electrode patterns are mostly showing multiple magnetic domains. The results obtained by magnetic force microscopy also show that the magnetization switching is observed in the electrode pattern with a single magnetic domain. The results in this study show that the suitable design of the dimensions of nanolayer patterns is a key to constructing a single magnetic domain in a ferromagnetic electrode for nanowire spintronic devices.

show abstract

“…H.R. is a pivotal parameter in the annealing process of NiO x , LHR can exert specific and advantageous effects on NiO x , particularly by facilitating oxygen diffusion, rectifying lattice defects, promoting grain growth, and enhancing interfacial properties. , The surface information state of NiO x films was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), as shown in Figure c,d. Figure c shows two peaks at 855.6 and 853.9 eV, which could be attributed to Ni 3p and Ni 2p of NiO x -Control, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporated Nickel Oxide Films with Slow Annealing and Interface Modification for Perovskite Solar Cells

Su,

Zheng,

Chen

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electron-beam-evaporated nickel oxide (NiO x ) films are known for their high quality, precise control, and suitability for complex structures in perovskite (PVK) solar cells (PSCs). However, untreated NiO x films have inherent challenges, such as surface defects, relatively low intrinsic conductivity, and shallow valence band maximum, which seriously restrict the efficiency and stability of the devices. To address these challenges, we employ a dual coordination optimization strategy. The strategy includes low heating rate annealing of NiO x films and using an aminoguanidine nitrate spin coating process on the surfaces of NiO x films to strategically modify NiO x films itself and the interface of NiO x /PVK. Under the synergistic effect of this dual optimization method, the quality of the films is significantly improved and its p-type characteristics are enhanced. At the same time, the interface defects and energy level alignment of the films are effectively improved, and the charge extraction ability at the interface is improved. The combined treatment significantly improved the efficiency of inverted PSCs, from 17.85% to 20.31%, and enhanced device stability under various conditions. This innovative dual-coordinated optimization strategy provides a clear and effective framework for improving the performance of NiO x films and inverted PSCs.

show abstract

Thermal annealing induced competition of oxidation and grain growth in nickel thin films

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Exchange Bias in Thin Films—An Update

Exchange Bias in Thin Films—An Update

Magnetic domain control and its dependence on aspect ratio and thickness in Ni nanolayer patterns for nanowire spintronic devices

Evaporated Nickel Oxide Films with Slow Annealing and Interface Modification for Perovskite Solar Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About