Thermal and Textural Properties of Organogels Developed by Candelilla Wax in Safflower Oil

Abstract

We investigated organogel formation in dispersions of CW in safflower oil (SFO). Candelilla wax (CW) has as its main component hentriacontane (78.9%), a n-alkane with self assembly properties in organic solvents (i.e., vegetable oils). Results showed that, independent of the cooling rate (i.e., 1°C/min and 10°C/min) and gel setting temperature (T set ), the CW organogels observed a thermoreversible behavior. This was evaluated by the behavior of thermal parameters that characterized organogel formation (gelation temperature, T g ; heat of gelation, DH g ) and melting (melting temperature, T p ; heat of melting, DH M ) after two heating-cooling cycles. For a given CW concentration (i.e., 0.5, 1.0, and 3%), the magnitude of DH M and T p and the structural organization of the organogel, depended on the cooling rate, the thermodynamic drive force for gelation, and the annealing process occurring at high T set (i.e., 25°C). At T set of 25°C the microplatelet units that formed the organogel aggregated as a function of storage time, a process that resulted in an increase in organogel hardness. In contrast, at T set of 5°C annealing occurred in a limited extent, but gels had higher solid fat content and microplatelet units of a smaller size than the gels obtained at 25°C. The result was a threedimensional network with greater hardness than the one obtained at 25°C. The 3% CW organogels showed no phase separation up to 3 months at room temperature, with textures of potential use by the food industry.

Crystallization Kinetics of Organogels Prepared by Rice Bran Wax and Vegetable Oils

“…Figure 1 presents the onset of melting, three peak top temperatures, and the end set of melting temperatures. CLX, a natural plant wax that has organogel-formation ability, exhibited similar thermal behavior during cooling and heating of CLX-safflower oil mixtures 14,15 and in its bulk state 16 . Earlier authors explained this occurrence of multiple crystallization and melting profi les of CLX as due to the development of mixed molecular packing of n-alkanes present in CLX 14,15 .…”

“…CLX, a natural plant wax that has organogel-formation ability, exhibited similar thermal behavior during cooling and heating of CLX-safflower oil mixtures 14,15 and in its bulk state 16 . Earlier authors explained this occurrence of multiple crystallization and melting profi les of CLX as due to the development of mixed molecular packing of n-alkanes present in CLX 14,15 . However, the long-chain fatty acids and fatty alcohol esters present in RBX do not tend to form such mixed self-assembled structures with a lower extent of three-dimensional molecular structure 16 .…”

Oleogels of virgin olive oil with carnauba wax and monoglyceride as spreadable products

“…If the organic phase is an edible oil, the resulting gel can also be called an 'oleogel' instead of 'organogel' (Toro-Vazquez et al, 2007;Rogers, 2009;Bot et al, 2009;Co and Marangoni, 2012). The oleogels are interesting products which are currently being used in structuring edible oils for margarine and shortening-like products, emulsion-based products, and in other processed food applications (bakery, processed meat, ice cream and dairy, confectionary and edible films).…”

Organogels in Drug Delivery System

“…For determination of PTT hot stage microscopy and high sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry is accurate and sensitive techniques. [21] 3.…”