Thermal and salt crystallization effects on marble deterioration: Examples from Western Anatolia, Turkey

Effects of high temperature on physico-mechanical properties of Turkish natural building stones

“…Studies have often tried to explain the behavior marble and limestone have shown against the heat, such as; investigation on degradation of historical buildings Koca et al, 2006;Rodriguez-Gordillo and Saez-Perez, 2006); or heat cycles with heating to 80-100°C and cooling to −15-20°C by examining a small number of samples (Malaga-Starzec et al, 2006;Yavuz and Topal, 2007;Lam dos Santos et al, 2011) or such as Yavuz et al (2010) investigating some properties of heated samples up to 500°C. Ozguven and Ozcelik (2013) investigated the effects of different degrees of temperature from room temperature up to 1000°C (room temperature, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000°C) on marble and limestone by using the aspects of change in color and whiteness, polish reception, daily physical change, pH and temperature variations of the cooling solution which was prepared from the cooked samples at 800°C and 1000°C.…”

Effects of long-term magnesium sulfate crystallisation tests on abrasion and durability of andesite aggregates

“…This type of 'anomalous' behaviour is not very common; however, it was noted by Akin and Özsan 2011 that long-term freeze-thaw cycles might cause a slight increase in P wave velocity. According to Yavuz and Topal (2007) the uniaxial compressive strength of two types of marbles decreased after a few cycles of the sodium sulfate test, but after that, an increasing tendency could be measured. An extremely high value of UCS was measured on marble with 34% dolomite content after salt attack compared to the reference sample set.…”

“…Nevertheless, most of the laboratory test results showed permanent decay of the studied properties: the UCS of sandstones (Khanlari et al 2015) and the Brazilian tensile strength of a travertine (Jamshidi et al 2016) when these samples were subjected to freeze-thaw. The slake durability index of a sandstone (Ghobadi and Babazadeh 2015) and the UCS of marbles (Yavuz and Topal 2007) subjected by salt crystallization was reduced. Although the aforementioned test results of these studies are similar to the results of the present study, similar trends were documented, and the results can not be directly compared since in those papers cuboid sedimentary rock specimens were used and other properties were also measured.…”

Effects of different drying temperatures on the physical and mechanical properties of some marbles (Muğla, Turkey) during salt crystallization tests

“…The expansion and contraction in the marble due to heat may create some stresses inside of the stone and may fracture it due to permanent deformation (Royer-Carfagni 1999;Siegesmund et al 2000;Logan 2003;Weiss et al 2004;Rodriguez-Gordillo and SaezPerez 2006;Yavuz and Topal 2007;Cantisani et al 2009;Yavuz et al 2010;Luque et al 2011a, b;Ruedrich et al 2011;Bandini and Berry 2013;Ozguven and Ozcelik 2013;Shushakova et al 2013a, b;González-Gómez et al 2015). Bowing of the slabs may occur after the use of the marbles (Weiss et al 2003;Koch and Siegesmund 2004).…”

“…Although the test is standardized (RILEM 1980;ASTM 2013), there exist some differences in drying temperatures applied during the test for the aim of simulating the correct environmental conditions of the stone. In the literature, the tests were performed with different drying temperatures such as 20°C (Vacchiano et al 2008), 10-40°C (Benavente et al 1999;Warke and Smith 2007), 18-30°C (Cardell et al 2008), 5-50°C (Angeli et al 2010), 23-37°C (Gomez-Heras andFort 2007), 60°C (Grossi et al 1997;Benavente et al 2001;Rothert et al 2007;Ruedrich and Siegesmund 2007;Yavuz and Topal 2007;Zedef et al 2007;Topal et al 2015), 104°C (Ordónez et al 1997) and 105°C (Topal and Doyuran 1998;Topal and Sözmen 2003;Adriani and Walsh 2007;Van et al 2007;Angeli et al 2007Angeli et al , 2008Beck and Al-Mukhtar 2010;Erdogan and Ö zvan 2015).…”