Thermal and physical properties of molten fluorides for nuclear applications

Thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of fluoride salts for nuclear applications

“…Unfortunately the density of the LiF-BeF 2 -ThF 4 (71.7-16.0-12.3) composition has not been measured, however very close composition (LiF-BeF 2 -ThF 4 (70.06-17.96-11.98)) has been determined and the corresponding density function is given below: r ðkg m À3 Þ ¼ 4043:9 À 0:8064T ðKÞ (15) It has been shown in the previous study by van der Meer et al [46] that the molar volumes and thus the densities of all three LiFBeF 2 -ThF 4 compositions measured in [20] behave almost ideally. Based on this triplet of data and with the assumption of the ideality it is possible to estimate the density function of temperature of pure BeF 2 which has not been measured yet.…”

“…The obtained density for liquid BeF 2 as a function of temperature is shown below: r ðkg m À3 Þ ¼ 3190:5 ðAE58:1Þ À 1:1589 ðAE0:0468ÞT ðKÞ (16) Using the Eq. (16) together with the selected data for the LiF and ThF 4 densities taken from [46] we have calculated the expected density function of temperature for the LiF-BeF 2 -ThF 4 (71.7-16.0-…”

Heat-transport properties of molten fluorides: Determination from first-principles

“…Future work should focus on the prediction of these quantities for other salts like LiF-ThF 4 , for which very few experimental data is available. It is important to note that nowadays an important experimental work is aimed at the determination of structural [33][34][35][36][37][38][39] and electrochemical [40][41][42][43] properties of the molten fluorides, but only one group is involved in studies concerning their thermal properties [44][45][46](some work has also been done on the system LiF-NaF-BeF 2 in the framework of the fusion energy reactors [47]). In the future simulations will be of particular importance to complete the gaps in the necessary databases.…”

Molecular dynamics simulation of diffusion and viscosity of liquid lithium fluoride

“…Presently, the commonly used nuclear fuel of MSR is the thorium fluoride salt, the neutron moderator is graphite, and the primary coolant, fuel, and carrier are fluoride molten salt mixtures, like LiF-BeF 2 -UF 4 , LiF-BeF 2 -ThF 4 , and LiF-NaF-BeF 2 -ThF 4 -UF 4 [1,2]. LiF, as an important component in the mixtures, which has a rock-salt structure under ambient conditions [3], has been found to own many advantages over other alkali halides and ionic crystals, such as good chemical stability, optically transparent insulator, and high melting point.…”