Thermal and chemical pretreatment of Terminalia mantaly seed husk biosorbent to enhance the adsorption capacity for Pb2+

Sequestration of Lead Ion in Aqueous Solution onto Chemically Pretreated Pycnanthus angolensis Seed Husk: Implications for Wastewater Treatment

“…Another mass loss of 0.24, 0.22, and 0.26 mg was observed on the TGA curve from 255 to 350 • C for P-PA, E-PA, and I-PA, respectively, due to the breakdown of hemicellulose and cellulose and the subsequent formation of a carbonaceous residue, which decomposes until it reaches 500 • C for all the adsorbent. This observation agrees with the reports of Eze et al [23] on the TGA/DTA analysis of Terminalia mantaly seed husk biosorbent for the sequestration of ions from an aqueous solution.…”

“…After adsorption, due to the presence of Pb(II) impurities, the SEM image revealed a homogenous and filled surface (Figure 4E,F) [64]. Similar observations have been reported by other researchers [23,65]. Shafiq et al [65]developed a biosorbent from Eucalyptus camdulensis biochar.…”

“…Recent research has explored the use of agricultural and biological waste materials as adsorbents for removing metal ions from contaminated solutions. Notable examples include black cumin seed [22], Terminalia mantaly [23], fruit peels from banana, granadilla, and orange [24], peanut shells and compost [25], Ajwa Date Pits [26], and endocarp waste of Gayo Coffee [27]. These materials offer cost-effective and sustainable solutions that are readily accessible in large quantities [28,29].…”