Thermal and Chemical Aspect in Equation of State  and Relation with Generalized Thermodynamic Entropy

Palazzo, Pierfrancesco

doi:10.5541/ijot.383353

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…where, for the general case of an open system undergoing an isopotential process, the equality PdV = −VdP applies. Without limiting the generality of this approach, the system considered can be an ideal gas and the thermal form of state equation PV = RT applies; though, considering the chemical aspect of the internal system, reference can be made to the chemical form of the state equation that is expressed by means of the chemical potential in lieu of temperature [3]; hence the chemical form of state equation PV = Rµ [9] is used to infer that, at constant chemical potential dU M = −d(PV) = 0 as a consequence of the definition of isopotential process, and Equation (2) becomes:…”

Section: Chemical and Mechanical Components Of Entropy Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The definition of chemical entropy and mechanical entropy, derived and expressed from chemical exergy and mechanical exergy, respectively, is accounted for here to generalize the conceptual definition of chemical exergy including mass interaction, in addition to work interaction, characterizing interaction processes occurring between system and reservoir. On the basis of equivalence and interconvertibility proposed by Gaggioli et al [9,10] for thermal and mechanical aspect of interactions, and here mutuated for chemical and mechanical interactions, the exergy of a system interacting with a reservoir results in the following statements:…”

Section: Generalized Chemical Exergy Related To Chemical-mechanical Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical and Mechanical Aspect of Entropy-Exergy Relationship

Palazzo

2021

Entropy

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The present research focuses the chemical aspect of entropy and exergy properties. This research represents the complement of a previous treatise already published and constitutes a set of concepts and definitions relating to the entropy–exergy relationship overarching thermal, chemical and mechanical aspects. The extended perspective here proposed aims at embracing physical and chemical disciplines, describing macroscopic or microscopic systems characterized in the domain of industrial engineering and biotechnologies. The definition of chemical exergy, based on the Carnot chemical cycle, is complementary to the definition of thermal exergy expressed by means of the Carnot thermal cycle. These properties further prove that the mechanical exergy is an additional contribution to the generalized exergy to be accounted for in any equilibrium or non-equilibrium phenomena. The objective is to evaluate all interactions between the internal system and external environment, as well as performances in energy transduction processes.

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Section: Chemical and Mechanical Components Of Entropy Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Generalized Chemical Exergy Related To Chemical-mechanical Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Mechanical Aspect of Entropy-Exergy Relationship

Palazzo

2021

Entropy

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“…However, the temperature is not the only (thermal) integrating factor; indeed, chemical potential and pressure represent integrating factors, and a generalized integrating factor can be defined to generalize the formulation of entropy. Based on the Gyftopoulos and Beretta definition of entropy, additional constant parameters characterizing the reservoir become c R = µ R and c R = P R were introduced by Palazzo in his article [3].…”

Section: Do We Need a Generalized Balance Of Entropy?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Gyftopoulos and Beretta do not make explicit reference to "thermal entropy" because the definition of entropy is related tout-court to a constant parameter of the reservoir R. In their textbook [1] temperature, chemical potential, and pressure are defined using the same definition of entropy characterized by the constant parameter. In this regard, Palazzo, mentioned in this manuscript [3] at the outset of Section 3, proposed a generalized definition of entropy in which thermal entropy, chemical entropy, and mechanical entropy components depend on temperature, potential, and pressure, respectively, as constant parameters of the reservoir.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper offers several new arguments for the unconventional order of thermodynamics exposition where entropy is defined before the heat and specific volume are defined before work. Our motivation is to augment the complete original line of MIT-reasoning based on the approach and logical sequence of exposition of Gyftopoulos and Beretta (firstly in [1,[12][13][14]) and other authors (Zanchini [15,16], von Spakovski [17,18], and Palazzo [3,19]). Wide surveys of this topic are published [1,[12][13][14][15]19].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Neoclassical Navier–Stokes Equations Considering the Gyftopoulos–Beretta Exposition of Thermodynamics

2020

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The seminal Navier–Stokes equations were stated even before the creation of the foundations of thermodynamics and its first and second laws. There is a widespread opinion in the literature on thermodynamic cycles that the Navier–Stokes equations cannot be taken as a thermodynamically correct model of a local “working fluid”, which would be able to describe the conversion of “heating” into “working” (Carnot’s type cycles) and vice versa (Afanasjeva’s type cycles). Also, it is overall doubtful that “cycle work is converted into cycle heat” or vice versa. The underlying reason for this situation is that the Navier–Stokes equations come from a time when thermodynamic concepts such as “internal energy” were still poorly understood. Therefore, this paper presents a new exposition of thermodynamically consistent Navier–Stokes equations. Following that line of reasoning—and following Gyftopoulos and Beretta’s exposition of thermodynamics—we introduce the basic concepts of thermodynamics such as “heating” and “working” fluxes. We also develop the Gyftopoulos and Beretta approach from 0D into 3D continuum thermodynamics. The central role within our approach is played by “internal energy” and “energy conversion by fluxes.” Therefore, the main problem of exposition relates to the internal energy treated here as a form of “energy storage.” Within that context, different forms of energy are discussed. In the end, the balance of energy is presented as a sum of internal, kinetic, potential, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and radiation energies in the system. These are compensated by total energy flux composed of working, heating, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and radiation fluxes at the system boundaries. Therefore, the law of energy conservation can be considered to be the most important and superior to any other law of nature. This article develops and presents in detail the neoclassical set of Navier–Stokes equations forming a thermodynamically consistent model. This is followed by a comparison with the definition of entropy (for equilibrium and non-equilibrium states) within the context of available energy as proposed in the Gyftopoulos and Beretta monograph. The article also discusses new possibilities emerging from this “continual” Gyftopoulos–Beretta exposition with special emphasis on those relating to extended irreversible thermodynamics or Van’s “universal second law”.

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Duhem and Natanson: Two Mathematical Approaches to Thermodynamics

2022

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In this article, the previously unrecognized contributions of Pierre Duhem and Ladislavus Natanson in thermodynamics are shown. The mathematical remodelling of a few of their principal ideas is taken into consideration, despite being neglected in the literature. To emphasize these ideas in an appropriate epistemological order, it would be crucial to first revalue and reconstruct some underrepresented parts of the proceedings process through which Duhem and Natanson created their thermodynamics. Duhem and Natanson’s scientific works are against the background of modern continuum mechanics, presenting relevant approaches. In line with the long-held beliefs of many French and Polish researchers, the article mentions that Duhem and Natanson’s ideas dated back to one century ago. Both scientists were qualified in the same Royal Way, which in this case includes chemistry, mechanic of fluid and solid, electro-chemistry, thermodynamics, electrodynamics, and relativistic and quantum mechanics. Therefore, it is possible to connect and then compare the results of their conceptions and approaches. Duhem and Natanson are both in firm opposition with Newtonian mechanisms. Thus, the Maupertuis least action principle created the ground for their efforts, in which they flourished as an elementary quantum.

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Thermal and Chemical Aspect in Equation of State and Relation with Generalized Thermodynamic Entropy

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Chemical and Mechanical Aspect of Entropy-Exergy Relationship

Chemical and Mechanical Aspect of Entropy-Exergy Relationship

Neoclassical Navier–Stokes Equations Considering the Gyftopoulos–Beretta Exposition of Thermodynamics

Duhem and Natanson: Two Mathematical Approaches to Thermodynamics

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