Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of sunflower oil using AlMCM-41

Fast Pyrolysis of Sunflower Oil in the Presence of Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Production of Bio-Oil

“…According to data found in the literature [21,33], for materials of the ALMCM type in their non-calcined form, two main stages of mass loss are evidenced. The first stage corresponds to the desorption of physically adsorbed water and the second stage to the decomposition of the organic material (surfactant) from the pores of the material.…”

“…This technique is particularly important because it allows for the identification, through the absorption bands, of the organic functional groups present in the template's structure, CTMA + , contained in the ALMCM channels in the non-calcined form. The disappearance of the band related to this functional group, for the calcined sample, shows that the organic material was successfully removed from the pores of the mesoporous molecular sieve [21].…”

“…The concept of crystallinity cannot be employed since its walls are amorphous silica. The absence of peaks at higher angles indicates that the material is not crystalline; however, it is known that there is an ordered hexagonal network, where the pore is surrounded by the other six, generating the reflections characteristic to MCM-41, which can also be observed by the high intensity of the first reflection (100) [21,25,29,30].…”

“…This variation of mass loss may be related to the aluminum impregnation in the ALMCM structure, which might interfere with the condensation of the silanol groups (Si-O-Si and Al-O-Si). It is important to point out that the bonds between silicon, oxygen and aluminum occur with different interactions [21].…”

“…This is attributed to the water absorbed before the thermogravimetric analysis, since the mesoporous material is silica-based. The mesoporous material was free from an organic template [21,34].…”