Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of waste polypropylene plastic using spent FCC catalyst

Aisien, Eki Tina; Otuya, Ifechukwude Christopher; Aisien, Felix Aibuedefe

doi:10.1016/j.eti.2021.101455

Cited by 59 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Figure 3 shows the influence of temperature on the yield of the pyrolysis products, where it is evident that the formation of solid residues is favored at low temperatures (≤350 °C), while at high temperatures (≈450 °C) gaseous products are favored since the fractionation of the macromolecule results in obtaining low molecular weight molecules by increasing the temperature of the process [ 24 ]. As for the liquid products at low temperatures, they present a percentage of liquids close to 50% that, when the temperature increases, suffer a decrease, and in addition, the pyrolytic oils of the condensable phase visually appear as an oily fluid with a penetrating odor and a brown coloration at temperatures higher than 400 °C, while at 300 °C and 350 °C they appear as a higher viscosity fluid which at room temperature forms precipitates with a waxy appearance and an amber color [ 25 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties of the Pyrolytic Oil Obtained from Pyrolysis of Different Thermoplastics and Plastic Mixtures

et al. 2022

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The constant search for the proper management of non-degradable waste in conjunction with the circular economy makes the thermal pyrolysis of plastics an important technique for obtaining products with industrial interest. The present study aims to produce pyrolytic oil from thermoplastics and their different mixtures in order to determine the best performance between these and different mixtures, as well as to characterize the liquid fraction obtained to analyze its use based on said properties. This was carried out in a batch type reactor at a temperature of 400 °C for both individual plastics and their mixtures, from which the yields of the different fractions are obtained. The liquid fraction of interest is characterized by gas chromatography and its properties are characterized by ASTM standards. The product of the pyrolysis of mixtures of 75% polystyrene and 25% polypropylene presents a yield of 82%, being the highest, with a viscosity of 1.12 cSt and a calorific power of 42.5 MJ/kg, which has a composition of compounds of carbon chains ranging between C6 and C20, for which it is proposed as a good additive agent to conventional fuels for industrial use.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties of the Pyrolytic Oil Obtained from Pyrolysis of Different Thermoplastics and Plastic Mixtures

et al. 2022

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“…PP was converted to liquid products with a yield of 82 wt.% and coke deposit of 1.2 wt.%. Eki Tina Aisien et al 36 conducted pyrolysis of waste PP plastic using a batch reactor at the highest temperature of 400°C, with a rate of 15°C/min. By using the FCC catalyst, the product yields of liquid oil and char were 83.3 wt.% and 3.0 wt.%, respectively, while the catalytic pyrolysis had liquid oil and char yields of 77.6 wt.% and 2.7 wt.%, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A LaFeO₃ supported natural‐clay‐mineral catalyst for efficient pyrolysis of polypropylene plastic material

Nguyen

Poinern

et al. 2021

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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The pyrolysis and catalytic reforming process of waste plastics are the best pathways to handle vast amounts of waste plastics as they can convert these waste polymers into sustainable products. This study aims to incorporate a natural‐clay‐mineral (NCM) with LaFeO3 nanoparticles, with the LaFeO3/NCM catalyst in the pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) being used as an example of plastic waste. The decomposition of PP with and without catalyst has been theoretically studied using thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements under atmospheric pressure and nitrogen atmosphere. The TG/DSC results show that (i) the required temperature for pyrolysis of PP with or without catalyst in a practical system ranges from 460°C to 480°C; (ii) the amount of coke produced on the surface of the NCM or LaFeO3 is about 2 wt.% compared with the initial plastic levels; (iii) with the catalyst, PP not only goes through the phase transitions of solid to liquid to gas but also decomposition and combination processes between components from the hydrocarbon chain scission of PP. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) results show significant differences in the fuel oil recovered from the pyrolysis and catalytic reforming process. In the presence of the catalyst, cracking components consist of 49.3% alkenes (branched‐chain alkenes, cyclo‐alkenes, and alkenes) and 34.4% alkanes, while without the catalyst, branched‐chain alkenes were up to 90.2%. Repeated pyrolysis and GC–MS investigations demonstrated the reusability of the LaFeO3/NCM catalyst, which is promising for its recycling and the efficient pyrolysis of PP.

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“…(R. Miandad et al, 2016) In the catalytic pyrolysis of polyole ns such as polyethylene (PE) and PP, studied between 420 to 510 •C (Abbas-Abadi et al, 2014), the researchers found that the yield was 92.3% for the highest liquid fraction at 450°C. While Aisien et al (Aisien et al, 2021) reported a liquid fraction of 83.3% using FCC catalysts in PP pyrolysis at different temperatures and 77.6% using FCC spent catalyst at 450°C. The in uence of the catalysts on the obtained fractions depends on the porous surface of the catalyst and its acidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Catalytic pyrolysis of recycled polypropylene using a regenerated FCC catalyst

Palmay

Medina

Donoso

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The increasing generation of plastic wastes forces us to search for final disposal technologies. Pyrolysis becomes an interesting technique in the last few years because it takes advantage of the wastes obtaining important products. Moreover, catalytic pyrolysis develops a great selectivity in the products so, the recovered of catalysts from other processes gain significant interest. In this study, we report the evaluation of the catalytic pyrolysis carried out in a batch reactor with a regenerated FCC catalyst using thermogravimetry (TGA). The regeneration studies were carried using two solvents (ethanol and toluene) at different contact times, then a thermal regeneration at two heating ramps was developed. The catalysts were characterized by SEM-EDS and BET, then used to compare with a commercial catalyst in the pyrolysis process in a 1:10 ratio (catalyst-plastic). The catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) was carried out at 450 °C, and the products were quantified. The results showed a better solvent action of the ethanol in 14 hours of contact and longer gasification. The degradation process using recovered catalyst decreases the degradation temperature compared to the no-catalyst process. As a consequence, the yield of the liquid fraction decreases by 10% with greater orientation to aliphatic components.

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Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of waste polypropylene plastic using spent FCC catalyst

Cited by 59 publications

References 55 publications

Production and Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties of the Pyrolytic Oil Obtained from Pyrolysis of Different Thermoplastics and Plastic Mixtures

Production and Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties of the Pyrolytic Oil Obtained from Pyrolysis of Different Thermoplastics and Plastic Mixtures

A LaFeO₃ supported natural‐clay‐mineral catalyst for efficient pyrolysis of polypropylene plastic material

Catalytic pyrolysis of recycled polypropylene using a regenerated FCC catalyst

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Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of waste polypropylene plastic using spent FCC catalyst

Cited by 59 publications

References 55 publications

Production and Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties of the Pyrolytic Oil Obtained from Pyrolysis of Different Thermoplastics and Plastic Mixtures

Production and Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties of the Pyrolytic Oil Obtained from Pyrolysis of Different Thermoplastics and Plastic Mixtures

A LaFeO3 supported natural‐clay‐mineral catalyst for efficient pyrolysis of polypropylene plastic material

Catalytic pyrolysis of recycled polypropylene using a regenerated FCC catalyst

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Product

Resources

About

A LaFeO₃ supported natural‐clay‐mineral catalyst for efficient pyrolysis of polypropylene plastic material