Thermal and catalytic degradation of commingled plastics

Ibrahim, Manjula M.; Hopkins, Eric S.; Seehra, M. S.

doi:10.1016/s0378-3820(96)01023-5

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Specifically, we conducted binary mixture pyrolysis of polypropylene and polystyrene as a model of mixed plastic waste and compared the results to those obtained for the neat pyrolysis of the individual components. Although the neat pyrolyses of both polypropylene − and polystyrene − have been extensively studied and a small number of investigations have been carried out on the pyrolysis of mixed polymers, − very few researchers have focused on the binary system of polypropylene and polystyrene . Furthermore, our investigation placed emphasis on a detailed quantification of the low-molecular-weight products, which would be useful as fuels and chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tertiary Resource Recovery from Waste Polymers via Pyrolysis: Neat and Binary Mixture Reactions of Polypropylene and Polystyrene

Wong

Broadbelt

2001

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Batch pyrolysis of polypropylene, polystyrene, and their binary mixture was carried out at temperatures of 350 and 420 °C. Two different loadings were also studied for neat polypropylene and polystyrene to assess the impact of total pressure, which was also a function of reaction time and temperature. For neat polypropylene pyrolysis, total conversion was an order of magnitude higher at 420 °C than at 350 °C. For neat polystyrene pyrolysis, conversion reached approximately 75% at 350 °C, whereas at 420 °C, the conversion reached a maximum of approximately 90% after 10 min of reaction and decreased to approximately 70% after 180 min. For binary mixture pyrolysis, the overall conversion was higher than the average of the conversions for the two neat cases. The conversion of polystyrene remained the same, but significant enhancement of the polypropylene conversion was observed. These results suggest that the more facile degradation of polystyrene helped to initiate the less reactive polypropylene.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tertiary Resource Recovery from Waste Polymers via Pyrolysis: Neat and Binary Mixture Reactions of Polypropylene and Polystyrene

Wong

Broadbelt

2001

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…The proximate and ultimate (ash-free basis) analyses of CP provided by Professor Anderson are given in Table and it was also noted that qualitatively CP contains primarily polyethylene and polypropylene with traces of polystyrene (PS) and PET but no PVC. By use of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of this sample, an initial estimate of 10% PP to 90% PE has been reported . A more accurate recent XRD analysis of CP has given the following composition: PP ≈ 5%, HDPE ≈ 95%, PET ≃ trace amount (< 3%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CP sample was mixed with the chemicals by use of a mortar and pestle. Although this mixing is not uniform because of size differences (CP has millimeter size particles), CP melts at about 150 °C, thereby improving the mixing. The materials HZSM-5, NiMo/Al 2 O 3 , and sulfur are all from commercial sources.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur-Promoted Degradation of Polyethylene/Polypropylene Detected by Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

Ibrahim

Seehra

1997

Energy Fuels

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In situ electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is employed to investigate the thermal and catalytic degradation of a sample of commingled plastics (CP) containing about 95% polyethylene and 5% polypropylene. The materials tested include elemental sulfur (S), NiMo/Al 2 O 3 , and zeolite HZSM-5 for temperatures between ambient and 450 °C and pressures up to 500 psig of H 2 . The depolymerization temperature T d of CP, where an ESR signal is first observed, is about 360 °C thermally. With 1 wt % loading of CP with S, T d is reduced to about 250 °C. With 10 wt % S plus 10 wt % NiMo/Al 2 O 3 , T d is further reduced to about 230 °C and the free radical intensity N is reduced considerably compared to the CP + S case. HZSM-5 does not affect the T d of CP, but N is reduced considerably and with increase in temperature, N decreases, similar to the NiMo/ Al 2 O 3 case. These results, along with the observed increase in the ESR line width for the HZSM-5 and NiMo/Al 2 O 3 cases, suggest capping of the free radicals by hydrogenation. For sulfur loading of CP, the significant increase in N and lowering of T d (also observed by thermogravimetry) suggest enhanced depolymerization of CP. This sulfur-promoted depolymerization of polyethylene/ polypropylene is supported by the liquefaction experiments of Sivakumar et al. (Fuel Process. Technol. 1996, 49, 219) where sulfur loadings of polyethylene and polypropylene produced a nearly 2-fold increase in the gasoline-range oil yield.

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“…Different form of plastics is also used as organic binder in coke making. 14 Literature revealed that addition of waste plastic deteriorates the maximum fluidity of the coal. The extent of the reduction being influenced by the initial value of coal fluidity and the thermal behaviour of the plastic waste and the hydrogen donor and -acceptor abilities of the polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of phenolic resin in coke making at Tata Steel

Nag

Das

Dash

et al. 2016

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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Quality of coke is very much important for blast furnace productivity. Phenol-formaldehyde resin can be used as an additive in small quantity in the coal blend for improvement of coke quality. It enhances the fluidity of coal blend during co-pyrolysis with coal and hence improves the coke quality. After successful lab-scale study, this phenomenon has been demonstrated in top charge battery and heat-recovery oven of Tata Steel through plant trial. It was found that 0.3-0.4% addition of phenolic resin in the coal blend improves coke quality.

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Thermal and catalytic degradation of commingled plastics

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Tertiary Resource Recovery from Waste Polymers via Pyrolysis: Neat and Binary Mixture Reactions of Polypropylene and Polystyrene

Tertiary Resource Recovery from Waste Polymers via Pyrolysis: Neat and Binary Mixture Reactions of Polypropylene and Polystyrene

Sulfur-Promoted Degradation of Polyethylene/Polypropylene Detected by Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

Use of phenolic resin in coke making at Tata Steel

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