Thermal Analysis Results and the Theoretical Determination of Solidus and Liquidus Temperatures for the Grain Oriented Electrical Steel

The study deals with precise determination of phase transformation temperatures of steel. A series of experimental measurements were carried out by Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Direct Thermal Analysis (TA) to obtain temperatures very close to the equilibrium temperatures. There are presented results from the high temperatures region, above 1000 °C, with focus on the solidus temperatures (T S), peritectic transition (T P) and liquidus (T L) of multicomponent steels. The data obtained were verified by statistical evaluation and compared with computational thermodynamic and empirical calculations. The calculations were performed using 15 empirical equations obtained by literature research (10 for T L and 5 for T S), as well as by software InterDendritic Solidification (IDS) and Thermo-Calc (2015b, TCFE8; TC). It was verified that both thermo-analytical methods used are set correctly; the results are reproducible, comparable and close to equilibrium state.

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“…Description of the equipment and adjustment of experimental conditions is described, e.g. in [20,21].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The steel 1 T L result is consistent with the results published in work [37], where steel with carbon content 0.35 wt. % provided T L = 1494 °C and paper [20], where low carbon steel also with 0.35 wt. % of carbon provided T L = 1499 °C.…”

Section: Liquidus Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction and measurement of selected phase transformation temperatures of steels

Martiník

Smetana

Dobrovská

et al. 2017

J min metall B Metall

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“… the sensitivity of thermocouple is reduced by precipitated solid phases causing insulation of thermocouple from sample;  finally, the solidus temperature is moved toward the sample temperature having lagged well behind the furnace temperature causing that the cooling rate start to accelerate rapidly. Due to all previously mentioned reasons, the steel solidus temperatures are better measured by heating curves which are, according to Pelton [21], analogous to cooling curves.…”

Section: Application Of Thermal Analysis In the Steel Foundrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of thermal analysis in ferrous and nonferrous foundries

Djurdjevic

2021

Metall Mater Eng

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This paper is devoted to the memory of Professor Ljubomir Nedeljkovic (1933-2020), Head of the Department of Iron and Steel Metallurgy University of Belgrade, Serbia. Assessment of the melt quality is one of the most important casting process parameters, which allowed sound production of intricated cast parts. At the present time, various devices have been applied at foundry floors to control melt quality. Thermal analysis is one of them, widely used for melt quality control in ferrous and non-ferrous casting plants. During solidification, metal and alloys released latent heat, which magnitude is dependent on the type of phases that form during the solidification process. Plotting temperature versus time data during solidification provides useful information related to the actual solidification process. The applied technique is called thermal analysis, whereas the cooling curve is the name of such a plot. The main aim of this paper is to give a short overview of the present thermal analysis application in various foundries and to indicate the future potential use of this technique.

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“…Other studies in the literature emphasize that a cooling rate of 1°C/min (0.017°C/s) is low enough in order to obtain close-to-equilibrium transformation temperatures in DSC. 17,18 The present experimental setup allows cooling rates of about 0.02°C/s to be attained, thus permitting near thermodynamic equilibrium to be reached.…”

Section: Alloy Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sn-Bi(-Ga) TIM Alloys: Microstructure, Tensile Properties, Wettability and Interfacial Reactions

Silva

Gouveia

Reyes

et al. 2019

Journal of Elec Materi

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In the present study, the main purpose is to examine the quality of the interface formed between either binary Sn-Bi or ternary Sn-Bi-2wt.%Ga Thermal Interface Material-TIM alloys and a copper (Cu) substrate. The characteristics of the formed intermetallic compound (IMC) films were analyzed in the as-soldered joints, as well as during isothermal heat treatments at 100°C for long periods of time. Thermo-Calc computations were also used in return for a better comprehension of the mechanisms involved, including, for instance, those related to the presence of Ga within the interdendritic regions. This can be explained by the increase in the Ga-amount in the liquid-phase with the progress of solidification. In an effort to address the wettability issue, the contact angles between the molten alloy and the Cu substrate were also determined. Finally, tensile tests were performed in order to evaluate the effects of the minor Ga additions in the alloy's overall mechanical properties. Despite unsound alloy mechanical properties, gallium (Ga) additions effectively suppress the formation of the CuSn intermetallic by replacing it with a Cu 9 Ga 4 IMC layer in the as-soldered material, which grew with less deleterious morphology and finer thicknesses.

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Thermal Analysis Results and the Theoretical Determination of Solidus and Liquidus Temperatures for the Grain Oriented Electrical Steel

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Prediction and measurement of selected phase transformation temperatures of steels

Prediction and measurement of selected phase transformation temperatures of steels

Application of thermal analysis in ferrous and nonferrous foundries

Sn-Bi(-Ga) TIM Alloys: Microstructure, Tensile Properties, Wettability and Interfacial Reactions

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