Thermal analysis of polymers by time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Novel multiple methods and results in thermal analysis

“…Carbonization processes of various polymers, simultaneously with the study of the structure of the formed carbon were investigated [109]. Combined thermal analysis and mass spectrometry was applied for analyzing polymers [110]. Polyurethane foams were studied using a quadrupol mass spectrometer aggregated with TG equipment [111 ].…”

Catalytic characteristics of the pyrolysis of lignite over oil shale chars

“…The Friedman and FWO model-free methods were applied in this task in order to calculate the apparent activation energy and pre-exponential Arrhenius factor. The Friedman method was based on the following equation [23,24],…”

“…The Friedman and FWO [23,39] model-free methods were applied in order to describe the pyrolysis reactive behavior of the raw lignite and the blends of lignite with oil shale chars. The TG experimental results obtained as mass loss versus temperature data, were converted to conversion degree (a) versus temperature profiles as Eq.…”

The Application of Pyrolysis Techniques to the Identification of Micro‐organisms

“…A somewhat different technique was used by Friedman et al (1969) and developed by Risby & Yergey (1976). Called linear programmed thermal degradation mass spectrometry (l.p.t.d.m.s.…”