Thermal Analysis of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Chen, Yufei; Evans, James W.

doi:10.1149/1.1837095

Cited by 517 publications

(155 citation statements)

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“…The initial increase was also reported by Hong et al 5 The maximum heat rate during the C/2 discharge was 0.28 W or 11.21 W/cm 3, and at C rate, it was 0.55 W.. A general value of 10 mW/cc was reported by Chen et al 4.…”

Section: Heat Dissipation During Dischargesupporting

confidence: 76%

Electrical and thermal characteristics of lithium-ion cells

Vaidyanathan¹,

Rao

1999

Fourteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances. Proceedings of the Conference (Cat. No.99TH8371)

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Section: Heat Dissipation During Dischargesupporting

confidence: 76%

Electrical and thermal characteristics of lithium-ion cells

Vaidyanathan¹,

Rao

1999

Fourteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances. Proceedings of the Conference (Cat. No.99TH8371)

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“…The following studies examined the 1.35 Ah C/LiCoO 2 Sony 18650 cell: Al Hallaj et al, 28 Chen and Evans, 30 Hong et al 56 and Al Hallaj et al 55 The simulation results for the C/1 discharge from Al Hallaj et al 28 show that the volumetric heat generation rate varied from 27 to 59 W/L, with most of the data ͑i.e., from 0.1 to 0.7 DOD͒ falling in the range from 30 to 45 W/L. Similarly, the expected heat generation rates at a C/0.9 discharge rate for a similar cell reported in Chen and Evans 30 use only the overpotential data range from 20 to 40 W/L, with the majority of rates near 30 W/L. In contrast, the experimental studies of Al Hallaj et al 55 and Hong et al 56 show that for the same 1.35 Ah Sony 18650 cell, the heat rate increases linearly from 0 to 27.9 W/L and from 0 to 33.3 W/L, respectively.…”

Section: ͓20͔mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Thermal Issues in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Bandhauer

Garimella

Fuller

2011

J. Electrochem. Soc.

1,592

891

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Lithium-ion batteries are well-suited for fully electric and hybrid electric vehicles due to their high specific energy and energy density relative to other rechargeable cell chemistries. However, these batteries have not been widely deployed commercially in these vehicles yet due to safety, cost, and poor low temperature performance, which are all challenges related to battery thermal management. In this paper, a critical review of the available literature on the major thermal issues for lithium-ion batteries is presented. Specific attention is paid to the effects of temperature and thermal management on capacity/power fade, thermal runaway, and pack electrical imbalance and to the performance of lithium-ion cells at cold temperatures. Furthermore, insights gained from previous experimental and modeling investigations are elucidated. These include the need for more accurate heat generation measurements, improved modeling of the heat generation rate, and clarity in the relative magnitudes of the various thermal effects observed at high charge and discharge rates seen in electric vehicle applications. From an analysis of the literature, the requirements for lithium-ion thermal management systems for optimal performance in these applications are suggested, and it is clear that no existing thermal management strategy or technology meets all these requirements. Thomas-Alyea (kethomas@alumni.princeton.edu) and Kandler Smith (kandler.smith@gmail.com). This article was reviewed by KarenElectric and hybrid electric vehicles ͑EV and HEV͒ may present the best near-term solution for the transportation sector to reduce our dependence on petroleum and to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and criteria pollutants. Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are well-suited for these vehicles because they have, among other things, high specific energy and energy density relative to other cell chemistries. For example, practical nickel-metal hydride ͑NiMH͒ batteries, which have dominated the HEV market, have a nominal specific energy and energy density of 75 Wh/kg and 240 Wh/L, respectively. In contrast, lithium-ion batteries can achieve 150 Wh/kg and 400 Wh/L, 1 i.e., nearly 2 times the specific energy and energy density.Whereas lithium-ion batteries are rapidly displacing NiMH and nickel-cadmium secondary batteries for portable and hand-held devices, they have not yet been widely introduced in automotive products. The main barriers to the deployment of large fleets of vehicles on public roads equipped with lithium-ion batteries continue to be safety, cost ͑related to cycle and calendar life͒, and low temperature performance 2 -all challenges that are coupled to thermal effects in the battery. Since the recent introduction of HEV fleets, the industry trend is toward larger batteries required for plug-in hybrids, extended-range hybrids, and all-electric vehicles. These larger battery designs impose greater pressure to lower costs and improve safety.Furthermore, most of the research on these types of batteries has been related to fin...

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“…When a critical temperature is exceeded locally, and if there is a sufficient amount of electrolyte, a series of exothermic reactions initiate and propagate throughout the cell in a process known as 'thermal runaway'. [1][2][3][4][5][6] In-field puncture-induced failures incur a high degree of variability, which arises from difficulties in controlling parameters such as the internal architecture of the cell, the size, shape, electrical and thermal properties of the puncturing object, as well as the depth and rate at which the cell is punctured. When attempting to replicate a scenario in which a cell undergoes an internal short circuit, the nail penetration test is unsuitable due to it being inherently intrusive, spreading the short circuit across a large area and multiple layers, and introducing a heat sink at the region of initiation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Internal Temperature and Structural Dynamics during Nail Penetration of Lithium-Ion Cells

Finegan

Tjaden

Heenan

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

114

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Mechanical abuse of lithium-ion batteries is widely used during testing to induce thermal runaway, characterize associated risks, and expose cell and module vulnerabilities. However, the repeatability of puncture or 'nail penetration' tests is a key issue as there is often a high degree of variability in the resulting thermal runaway process. In this work, the failure mechanisms of 18650 cells punctured at different locations and orientations are characterized with respect to their internal structural degradation, and both their internal and surface temperature, all of which are monitored in real time. The initiation and propagation of thermal runaway is visualized via high-speed synchrotron X-ray radiography at 2000 frames per second, and the surface and internal temperatures are recorded via infrared imaging and a thermocouple embedded in the tip of the penetrating nail, respectively. The influence of the nail, as well as how and where it penetrates the cell, on the initiation and propagation of thermal runaway is described and the suitability of this test method for representing in-field failures is discussed.

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Thermal Analysis of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Cited by 517 publications

References 0 publications

Electrical and thermal characteristics of lithium-ion cells

Electrical and thermal characteristics of lithium-ion cells

A Critical Review of Thermal Issues in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Tracking Internal Temperature and Structural Dynamics during Nail Penetration of Lithium-Ion Cells

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