Thermal analysis of GaN-based laser diode mini-array

Abstract

Thermal characteristics of multiple laser stripes integrated into one chip is investigated theoretically in this paper. The temperature pattern of the laser diode mini-array packaged in a TO-can is analyzed and optimized to achieve a uniform temperature distribution among the laser stripes and along the cavity direction. The temperature among the laser stripes varies by more than 5 K if the stripes are equally arranged, and can be reduced to less than 0.4 K if proper arrangement is designed. For conventional submount structure, the temperature variation along the cavity direction is as high as 7 K, while for an optimized trapezoid submount structure, the temperature varies only within 0.5 K.

In situ temperature measurement of vapor based on atomic speed selection

“…[7][8][9][10] However, only the surface temperature rather than the internal temperature of the vapor cells can be sensed, and the internal temperature distribution is a controversial issue. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Optical thermometry is an approach that avoids the above-mentioned problems. [17][18][19][20] In particular, the Doppler effect can link thermal energy with atomic spectral lines to measure gas temperature.…”