Thermal analyses of flame‐retardant twills containing cotton, polyester and wool

Trask, Brenda J.; Beninate, John V.

doi:10.1002/app.1986.070320517

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The frictional properties of yarn are not only dependent on the composition of the material, the number of hairiness on the yarns surface, but also affected by temperature and relative humidity of air. The temperature and humidity play a vital role in friction coefficient and wear behavior of fabric (Trask & Beninate, ). Wool fabric being placed in a drying chamber with high temperature and humidity for long time result in an increase in a‐helical conformation, and a decrease in the ß‐folded conformation (Marshall, Souren, & Zahn, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there were many research on damage mechanism and damage development about rigid composite materials or laminates, obtained results were not is not suitable for the textile damage mechanism because textile material is flexible porous material and has its own unique nature (wool fiber with double helix structure and covering surface flake layer) (Daniel & Charewicz, ; Trask & Beninate, ). In addition, there are difference in the drying behavior of different fabric and the impact of drying on properties of fabric (Cheriaa, Marzoug, & Sakli, ; Higgins, Anand, Hall, & Holmes, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Research on micro‐damage behavior of wool fabrics drying in domestic dryer

Wei

Wang

et al. 2017

Microscopy Res & Technique

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To evaluate the performance degradation of fabric drying in domestic air-vented dryer, the appearance, mechanical, and microscopic properties of the wool fabric after different drying cycles were studied. Pilling and dimensional stability tests were performed according to established international standards. Microscopic studies were carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray (XRD). The results show that pilling is the dominant damage mechanism and gradually increased during lower number of drying cycles (0-10 cycles). The results of dimensional stability showed that the highest dimensional shrinkage of knit wool fabric was first five drying cycles, and then increased at a relatively slow rate with the increase in drying cycles. And fabric shrinkage takes place mainly in the warp direction. The SEM images of wool fiber showed that the scales on the fiber surface were intact in the first 15 drying cycles but start to flake after 20 drying cycles. In the drying process, fabrics can suffer several fractures such as cut fracture, split fracture, partial fracture and distortion and even scale flaking and interior structural distortion of fiber. The damages occur quite randomly, but complexity and severity of damages increased with increase in drying cycles. XRD analysis showed that drying had little effect on fiber crystallinity, indicating that drying only leads to changes in the physical properties of wool fabrics instead of changes in the chemical composition of the fiber. And found SEM analysis is not only an effective method to characterize the change in the surface morphology of the fibers resulting from the drying treatments, but also explain the cause of fabric performance degradation such as pilling and strength reduction during drying.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Research on micro‐damage behavior of wool fabrics drying in domestic dryer

Wei

Wang

et al. 2017

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Martin and Miller (1978) present manually derivatised curves for a wool/polyester-fibre blend and compare the results with those predicted from the individual components. Trask and Beninate (1986) also studied the flammability behaviour of blends containing polyester fibre. DTG was carried out on the individual components but not on the blends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of Thermal Analysis to Textiles. Part I: Identification of Fibre-blend Components by Using Thermogravimetry

Crighton

Holmes

1998

Journal of the Textile Institute

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Thermogravimetry (TG) was used to characterise several binary fibre-blend combinations with (he aim of developing an instrumental system for identifying the individual components. Samples of two filament blends containing cellulose and polyamide filaments and a series of wool/polyamide-fibre samples with a wide range of compositions were analysed as well as homogeneous samples of the individual components. Using derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) was found to provide less amhiguous information. The technique can distinguish between different fihre generic types and between different cellulose-hased and different polyamide synthetic-polymer fihres. It is possihie to detect the presence of the individual components of a hlend, in some cases when present in relatively small proportions. However, there is some evidence of interaction between the components.It is concluded that DTG has potential as a means of fibre and Mend qualitative characterisation and that it should be possible to develop it into a quantitative technique.

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“…The results of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyses for this series of samples have been published [4]. Thermograms of the treated and untreated fabrics are shown in Figure 18.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Heat on Structures of Cotton, Polyester, and Wool Fibers in a Triblended Fabric With and Without Flame Retardant

Goynes

Trask

1987

Textile Research Journal

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Fabrics marketed as flame resistant are often blends of more than one fiber. The effect of flame-resistant finishes and of heat on different fibers is not the same. A previous study compared differences in morphology of cotton and polyester fibers, and of cotton and wool fibers in two blended fabrics before and after heating. This report shows, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the progressive changes that occur during stages of heat stress in fibers in a triblended fabric. Samples of a cotton, polyester, and wool (60/25/15) triblend, unfinished and finished with bis[tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium] sulfate (THPS), urea, and trimethylolmelamine, were studied before and after burning. The SEM examination compares responses of each fiber to heat and shows that of the treated fabrics, polyester responds first by melting, wool bubbles and flows, and the external structure of cotton is relatively unchanged. Energy dispersive x-ray analyses show the location of the flame retardant agent in cotton and wool fibers. Thermal analysis data are correlated with these structural changes.When blended fabrics are chemically finished, dif ferent fiber types respond differently to the finish and thus affect the final performance of the fabric. We reported the effects offlame-retardant finishing and heat on fabrics blended of cotton with polyester or wool in our earlier work [3]. This paper reports results from the study of a triblended fabric of cotton, polyester, and wool finished for Dame resistance.Scanning electron microscopy was used to show chemical coating on fiber surfaces and, in conjunction with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), also distribution of chemicals within individual fibers. Fabrics were studied after burning to obtain information on mechanisms of burning and on responses of the different types of fibers to heating. Chemical and morphological structures of the fibers affect melting and decomposition points as well as the nature of the deformations that occur during heat stress.Experimental The fabric studied was an 8 oz/sq yd (280 g/M2 60/ 25/15 cotton/polyester/wool twill that had been finished by a pad/dry/cure process in a formulation containing bis[tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium] sulfate (THPS), urea, and trimethylolmelamine (TMM) as described by Beninate et al. [1]. Samples for the study were taken from three areas of a 45 degree ignition strip such as that shown in Figure 1: (a) is an unburned area, (b) is the completely charred area, and (c) the area where the effecrts of the heat were first found. Preparation of samples for microscopical examination was as given in our previous paper [3]. FIGURE 1. Fabric edge ignition strip showing the unburned aret (a), the completely charred area (b), and the intermediate zone (c).

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Thermal analyses of flame‐retardant twills containing cotton, polyester and wool

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Research on micro‐damage behavior of wool fabrics drying in domestic dryer

Research on micro‐damage behavior of wool fabrics drying in domestic dryer

The Application of Thermal Analysis to Textiles. Part I: Identification of Fibre-blend Components by Using Thermogravimetry

Effects of Heat on Structures of Cotton, Polyester, and Wool Fibers in a Triblended Fabric With and Without Flame Retardant

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