Thermal alteration of streams draining clearcut watersheds: Quantification and biological implications

Lynch, James A.; Rishel, Gregg B.; Corbett, Edward S.

doi:10.1007/bf00007195

Cited by 50 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These high water temperatures apparently cause a decline in DO levels in the summer months in Bayou Plaquemine Brule. In a forest system, greater diurnal variation of stream temperatures are reported in those streams where clear-cut harvesting rather than patch-cutting was practiced (Lynch et al 1984). Clearance of streamside 0 .08* 1 (n = 986) Cond.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of seasonal and spatial variation of surface water quality, identification of factors associated with water quality variability, and the modeling of critical nonpoint source pollution areas in an agricultural watershed

Poudel¹,

Lee²,

Srinivasan³

et al. 2013

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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Surface water quality impairment in agricultural watersheds is a major environmental concern in the United States. To assess seasonal and spatial variability of surface water quality and identify factors associated with surface water quality variability, we monitored surface water quality at seven locations in Bayou Plaquemine Brule Watershed in Louisiana twice monthly from March of 2002 to February of 2008 and performed multivariate analyses of the dataset. Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, we identified critical areas of nonpoint source pollution in the watershed. While temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity and pH were determined in the field using YSI Sonde (YSI Incorporated, Yellow Springs, Ohio), surface water samples were analyzed for total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), nitrate/nitrite-N (NO 3 /NO 2 -N), soluble reactive phosphate (SRP), total suspended solids (TSS), and five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) in laboratory. The monthly water quality sampling included a regular sampling and an after-rain-event sampling. Average DO for the summer months, March through November, was 4.91 ± 0.08 mg L -1 (4.91 ± 0.08 ppm), while average DO for the winter months, December through February, was 8.32 ± 0.12 mg L -1 (8.32 ± 0.12 ppm). Dissolved oxygen was negatively correlated with TN (r = -0.22, p ≤ 0.001), SRP (r = -0.17, p ≤ 0.001), TP (r = -0.17, p ≤ 0.001), BOD 5 (r = -0.25, p ≤ 0.001), and surface water temperature (r = -0.70, p ≤ 0.001). Turbidity was strongly correlated with TSS (r = 0.59, p ≤ 0.001), suggesting that most turbidity in the water body comes from suspended solids. Similarly BOD 5 was significantly positively correlated with TN (r = 0.43, p ≤ 0.001), NO 3 /NO 2 -N (r = 0.26, p ≤ 0.001), TP (r = 0.25, p ≤ 0.001), and SRP (r = 0.18, p ≤ 0.001). Results of factor analyses showed sediment, phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), surface water temperature, dissolved solids, and acidity/alkalinity as the most important factors associated with surface water quality variability in this watershed. Although relatively higher concentrations of sediments, TP, and TN were observed in the upper reaches of the watershed based on water quality monitoring, the SWAT simulation results showed the critical nonpoint source pollution areas of sediment, P, and N in the lower reaches of the watershed. Lower reaches of the watershed have mainly rice and crawfish production, while the upper reaches include primarily sugarcane, pasturelands, and soybean production. Information on seasonal variability of surface water quality, factors associated with surface water quality variability, and the critical areas for nonpoint source pollution will be valuable inputs for developing a watershed management plan for effective nonpoint source pollution control in an agricultural watershed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of seasonal and spatial variation of surface water quality, identification of factors associated with water quality variability, and the modeling of critical nonpoint source pollution areas in an agricultural watershed

Poudel¹,

Lee²,

Srinivasan³

et al. 2013

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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“…In most cases, the observed temperature measurements could be extracted; exceptions were two studies presenting temperature change between upstream and downstream [25,26] or one study presenting temperatures change from a forest control [27]. Effect sizes from studies were calculated as the difference between average temperature in the streams with trees and average temperature in streams without trees in the riparian zone (or difference in the temperature change in the case of the three studies cites above).…”

Section: Data Extraction Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ten articles were identified following full text assessment, and from which data could be retrieved [23][24][25][26][27][29][30][31][32][33]. These studies were conducted in USA (4), Canada (3), New Zealand (2) and UK (1).…”

Section: Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

What are the effects of wooded riparian zones on stream temperature?

et al. 2012

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Background: Predicted increases in stream temperature due to climate change will have a number of direct and indirect impacts on stream biota. A potential intervention for mitigating stream temperature rise is the use of wooded riparian zones to increase shade and reduce direct warming through solar radiation. To assess the effectiveness of this intervention, we conducted a systematic review of the available evidence for the effects of wooded riparian zones on stream temperature. Methods: We searched literature databases and conducted relevant web searches. Inclusion criteria were: subjectany stream in a temperate climate; intervention -presence of trees in the riparian zone; comparator -absence of trees in the riparian zone; outcome measure -stream temperature. Included studies were sorted into 3 groups based on the scale of the intervention and design of the study. Two groups were taken forward for synthesis; Group 1 studies comparing water temperature in streams with and without buffer strips/riparian cover and Group 2 comparisons of stream temperatures in open and forested landscapes. Temperature data were extracted and quantitative synthesis performed using a random effects meta-analysis on the differences in mean and maximum temperature. Results: Ten studies were included in each of Groups 1 and 2. Results for both groups suggest that riparian wooded zones lower spring and summer stream temperatures. Lowering of maximum is greater than lowering of mean temperature. Further analysis of environmental variables that might modify the effects of the intervention was not possible using the limited set of studies. Conclusions: Wooded riparian zones can reduce stream temperatures, particularly in terms of maximum temperatures. Because temperature is known to affect fish, amphibian and invertebrate life history, the reported effect sizes are likely to have a biological significance for the stream biotic community. Consequently investment in creation of wooded riparian zones might provide benefits in terms of mitigating some of the ecological effects of climate change on water temperature. Considerable uncertainty lies in the environmental variables that may modify the cooling effect of wooded riparian zones, and therefore it is not possible to identify when the use of this intervention for cooling would be most valuable.

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“…Diurnal fluctuations in temperature of 5°C are common in many headwater streams, especially those draining recently clear-cut catchments or catchments with sparse canopies. Lynch, Rishel & Corbett (1984) found that while average monthly diel fluctuations in temperature ranged from 0.9 to 2.7°C and never exceeded 6°C in a forested catchment in Pennsylvania, diel fluctuations of 6°C or more were observed from as early as March to as late as November in a clearcut basin. In addition, diel variations exceeded H 0 C on 18 days in June and 11 days in July in the clear-cut catchment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Microbial activity associated with seston in headwater streams: effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and temperature

1987

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SUMMARY. 1. The influences of temperature and dissolved nitrates and phosphates on microbial activity associated with suspended fine particulate organic matter (seston) were evaluated in four headwater streams in the southern Appalachian Mountains.2. 4. Microorganisms attached to refractory particulate organic matter do not appear to be limited by nitrogen or phosphorus even in streams with ambient nutrient concentrations as low as 0.06 mg NO 3 1" 1 and <0.03 mg P0 4 1-'. 5. Our results indicate that variations in water temperature resulting from diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations, forest clear-cutting, and catchment elevation and aspect can have marked effects upon microbial activity and production, while short-term alterations in nutrient regime appear to have no significant effect on microbial activity associated with seston.

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Thermal alteration of streams draining clearcut watersheds: Quantification and biological implications

Cited by 50 publications

References 10 publications

Assessment of seasonal and spatial variation of surface water quality, identification of factors associated with water quality variability, and the modeling of critical nonpoint source pollution areas in an agricultural watershed

Assessment of seasonal and spatial variation of surface water quality, identification of factors associated with water quality variability, and the modeling of critical nonpoint source pollution areas in an agricultural watershed

What are the effects of wooded riparian zones on stream temperature?

Microbial activity associated with seston in headwater streams: effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and temperature

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