“…This enzyme binds to ubiquitin, a key protein involved in the digestion of protein damaged from environmentally induced stress, including temperature stress (Komander & Rape, ). Ubiquitin is upregulated in Antarctic fishes compared with species in temperate regions (Chen et al., ; Todgham, Hoaglund, & Hofmann, ), and its expression changes in fish that have been experimentally submitted to stressful conditions (Ryan, Pankhurst, & Wells, ; Tang & Lee, ), including elevated temperatures (Madeira, Madeira, Diniz, Cabral, & Vinagre, ). Heat shock proteins can also be involved in ubiquitination by presenting protein substrates to ubiquitin ligase (Esser, Alberti, & Höhfeld, ).…”