There's more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem.

Kernis, Michael H.; Cornell, David P.; Sun, Chien Ru; Berry, Andrea J.; Harlow, Thomas F.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.6.1190

Cited by 433 publications

(359 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…72,[147][148][149] However, the small effect size of this association, dependence on measure of neuroticism used and the uncertainty of recessivity or dominance of the s allele effect suggest that the present concept of 'neuroticism' does not fit the putative trait associated with the 5-HTTLPR ss genotype. Facets of neuroticism may be explored as well as other psychological traits related to the reactivity to events, including ruminative response style, 161 instability of self-esteem, 162 or experiential avoidance. 163 Paradigms measuring behaviours under specified circumstances may overcome the limitations of self-report questionnaires and prove to be valid measures of intermediate phenotypes.…”

Section: Genetic Control Of the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moderation by the serotonin transporter gene of environmental adversity in the aetiology of mental illness: review and methodological analysis

2007

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Section: Genetic Control Of the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moderation by the serotonin transporter gene of environmental adversity in the aetiology of mental illness: review and methodological analysis

2007

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“…Moreover, high levels of instability of self-esteem have also been found to create more emotional reactivity, resulting in stronger reactions to both favourable and unfavourable feedback (Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry & Harlow, 1993).…”

Section: Self-esteem Instabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Self-esteem instability refers to the extent that an individual's level of self-esteem fluctuates across relatively brief time intervals (Heppner & Kernis, 2011;Kernis, 2005). Previous research has demonstrated that highly unstable self-esteem has been linked to increased levels of anger, hostility, depression and emotional reactivity (Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry & Harlow, 1993;Kernis, Whisenhunt, Waschull, Berry, Herlocker & Anderson, 1998). Implicit selfesteem encapsulates the non-conscious automatic evaluations people make about themselves (Heppner & Kernis, 2011;Pelham et al, 2005).…”

Section: Self-esteem As a Potential Moderator Self-affirmation Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moderating impact of self‐esteem on self‐affirmation effects

Düring

Jessop

2014

British J Health Psychol

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Objectives This study explored whether self‐esteem would moderate the effectiveness of a self‐affirmation manipulation at increasing openness to personally relevant health‐risk information. Design The study employed a prospective experimental design. Method Participants (N = 328) completed either a self‐affirmation manipulation or a control task, prior to reading information detailing the health‐related consequences of taking insufficient exercise. They then completed a series of measures assessing their cognitions towards exercise and their derogation of the information. Exercise behaviour was assessed at 1‐week follow‐up. Results Self‐esteem moderated the impact of self‐affirmation on the majority of outcomes. For participants with low self‐esteem, the self‐affirmation manipulation resulted in more positive attitudes and intentions towards exercise, together with lower levels of derogation of the health‐risk information. By contrast, there was no effect of the self‐affirmation manipulation on outcomes for participants with high self‐esteem. Conclusion Findings suggest that self‐affirmation manipulations might be of particular benefit for those with low self‐esteem in terms of promoting openness towards health‐risk information. This is promising from a health promotion perspective, as individuals with low self‐esteem often represent those most in need of intervention. What is already known on this subject? Self‐affirmation has been shown to result in more open processing of personally relevant health‐risk information. Individuals low in self‐esteem tend to process such information more defensively than those high in self‐esteem. What does this study add? It explores whether self‐esteem moderates the impact of self‐affirmation on responses to health‐risk information. Findings suggest that individuals with low self‐esteem benefit most from the self‐affirmation manipulation. This has important applied implications, as individuals with low self‐esteem may be most in need of intervention.

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“…In this context, the importance of perceived competence seems to predict stability of self-esteem, in particular in the domain of physical attractiveness (Kernis et al, 1993 (James, 1890, p. 310) Linked to the quotation, James (1890) suggested that the importance people attribute to the area of evaluation, in combination with the evaluation itself (rather than just the evaluation), influence how events and situations will affect self-esteem. Put differently, James suggested that self-esteem represented a ratio of success to pretensions, i.e.…”

Section: Self-esteemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…low) of self-esteem, stability of self-esteem has been identified as an important factor in predicting reactions to feedback, motivation and behaviour (Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry, & Harlow, 1993). In this context, the importance of perceived competence seems to predict stability of self-esteem, in particular in the domain of physical attractiveness (Kernis et al, 1993 (James, 1890, p. 310) Linked to the quotation, James (1890) suggested that the importance people attribute to the area of evaluation, in combination with the evaluation itself (rather than just the evaluation), influence how events and situations will affect self-esteem.…”

Section: Self-esteemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercising the Self: On the Role of Exercise, Gender and Culture in Physical-self Perceptions

Lindwall¹

2004

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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In modern society, individuals constantly pass judgments on their own body and physical competence as well as that of other people. All too often, the verdict is less favourable. For the person, these physical self-perceptions (PSP) may negatively affect global self-esteem, identity, and general mental well being. The overall aim of this thesis is to examine primarily the role that exercise, but also the roles that gender and culture, play in the formation of PSP. In Study I, using confirmatory factor analyses, strong support for the validity of a firstorder, and a second-order hierarchical and multidimensional model of the Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP: Fox & Corbin, 1989) was found across three national samples (Great Britain, Sweden and Turkey) of university students. Cross-cultural differences were detected, with the British sample demonstrating higher latent means on all PSPP subdomains except for the physical condition subdomain (Condition), than the Swedish and Turkish samples. In Study II, a higher self-reported exercise frequency was associated with more positive PSP (in particular for Condition) and more importance attributed to PSP in Swedish university students. Males demonstrated higher overall PSPP-scores than females. In Study III, a true-experimental design with randomisation into an intervention and a control group was adopted. Strong support for the effects of an empowerment-based exercise intervention programme on PSP and social physique anxiety (SPA) over six months for adolescent girls was found. The relations of exercise, gender and culture with PSP, SPA and self-esteem are discussed from the standpoints of a variety of theoretical models (e.g., the EXSEM-model), and frameworks (self-presentation and objectification theory). The two theories of self-enhancement and skilldevelopment are examined with regard to the direction of the exercise-physical self relationship and motivation for exercise. Arguments for the relevance of exercise and PSP for practitioners in promoting general mental well-being and preventing modern-day diseases are outlined. Brown, 1998; p. 193). "It is pretty well understood now that the result of physical training is to train the nervous centres more than the muscles"(James, 1899; p. 220). AcknowledgementsThe work presented in this doctoral dissertation was supported financially by the following institutions: The Department of Psychology, Stockholm University;The Swedish National Center for Research in Sports (CIF); The School of Social and Health Sciences, Halmstad University and Stockholm University College of Physical Education and Sports.Writing a doctoral dissertation can be described as being stranded (fortunately mentally more than physically) on a deserted island for four years. In the quest for survival in the academic jungle (i.e. in the context of writing a PhD dissertation, to finish in the predetermined time of four years), the famous philosophical quotation from the poet and theologian John Donne (1573-1631):"No man is an island, entire ...

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There's more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem.

Cited by 433 publications

References 46 publications

The moderation by the serotonin transporter gene of environmental adversity in the aetiology of mental illness: review and methodological analysis

The moderation by the serotonin transporter gene of environmental adversity in the aetiology of mental illness: review and methodological analysis

The moderating impact of self‐esteem on self‐affirmation effects

Exercising the Self: On the Role of Exercise, Gender and Culture in Physical-self Perceptions

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