“…The bystander model targets all community members as potential bystanders and seeks to engage them in prosocial behaviors that establish intolerance of violence as the norm resulting in the ultimate reduction of violence. Bystander intervention programs have been utilized to address many types of violent behaviors such as bullying, online victimization, social exclusion, sexual violence, and intimate partner violence (Coker et al, 2020;Emery et al, 2019;Henson et al, 2020;Ingram et al, 2019;Katz & Klainberg, 2019). The bystander approach is supported by research that demonstrates a number of positive outcomes including increased levels of knowledge about dangerous behaviors, increased self-efficacy, and greater willingness to intervene in prosocial ways (Moran et al, 2019;Orsini et al, 2019;Power & Leili, 2018).…”